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Study of Three Different Philosophies to Automatic Target Recognition
Published in Jitendra R. Raol, Ajith K. Gopal, Mobile Intelligent Autonomous Systems, 2016
Vishal C. Ravindra, Venkatesh K. Madyastha, Girija Gopalratnam
Forward-looking infrared (FLIR) senses infrared (IR) radiation and relies on its ability to detect the thermal/heat energy from a target in its field of view and construct an image of the target which can be output as a video image [7]. FLIRs can aid pilots, tank commanders, drivers and so on, especially at night or during hazy/foggy conditions, to steer their vehicles without colliding with obstacles along the way. Furthermore, since FLIRs rely on sensing heat emitted from a target they can be used to detect warm targets against cold backgrounds—a situation quite common during the night. Typically, FLIRs are used for population surveillance, low visibility flying, detection of insulation loss in buildings, detection of leaks of natural gas and/or other gasses, search and rescue operations especially in thickly wooded areas, marshy swamps or water, to name a few.
UAS Applications
Published in R. Kurt Barnhart, Douglas M. Marshall, Eric J. Shappee, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2021
Thermal imaging devices (Forward Looking Infra-Red (FLIR) cameras) detect thermal (heat) emissions and do not need an external source of illumination. Thermal sensors primarily operate in the MWIR (3–5 µm) or the LWIR (8–12 µm) portions of the EM spectrum.
Assessing the effective penetration depth of mid-wave infrared radiation in water for fluid dynamic measurements
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2023
The thermal radiation from the cuvette was captured by an infrared camera FLIR SC7700 operating in the 3.7–4.8 µm spectral range (mid-wave infrared). The camera was equipped with a cooled focal-plane-array MCT (Mercury-Cadmium-Telluride) photon detector of 640 × 512 pixels with a temperature sensitivity (noise equivalent temperature difference or NETD) specified by the manufacturer of 18 mK at 25C. The camera was placed 30 cm from the wedge. Each snapshot of the wedge was captured with the spatial resolution of 6 px/mm using a 50-mm lens. To avoid the narcissus effect (i.e. the thermal sensor observing its own reflection), the camera was positioned slightly off-centre from the cuvette (but at an angle small enough not to increase the measurement error [28]). During the measurements, the infrared camera was focused on the outer surface of the cuvette.
The grindability performance and measurement of surface functional parameter capabilities of difficult-to-machine tool steel under tangential ultrasonic-vibration-assisted dry grinding
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2023
Abhimanyu Chaudhari, Ashwani Sharma, Mohd Zaheer Khan Yusufzai, Meghanshu Vashista
The TUDG system components are shown in detail in Figure 1. (a) CAD model of an experimental arrangement for TUDG (b) Complete experimental setup for TUDG. Figure 1c shows a high-speed infrared thermographic camera (manufacturer: FLIR-E75) used to measure the grinding temperature. Common grinding follows a linear trajectory, as shown in Figure 1d, while ultrasonic grinding follows a sine waveform track owing to ultrasonic vibration on the workpiece. The worktable feed rate is tangential to the direction of ultrasonic vibration. The TUDG process has a periodic reciprocating motion, which results in the discontinuous cutting action of abrasive particle. Equations (1) and (2) may be used to calculate the velocity component of the abrasive particle in a TUDG operation (Chaudhari et al., 2022): where n = 0 for down grinding and n = 1 for up grinding. Further, and are the horizontal and vertical components of abrasive grain velocity in TUDG at time The ultrasonic vibration amplitude is and the vibration frequency is The grinding wheel’s linear and angular speeds are and The worktable feedrate and initial phase angle