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Nanotechnology - A New Field of Ethical Inquiry?
Published in Andrew Maynard, Jack Stilgoe, The Ethics of Nanotechnology, Geoengineering and Clean Energy, 2020
Normative aspects of science and technology, in a morally pluralistic society, unavoidably lead to societal debates at the least, and often also to conflicts over technology. As a rule, what is held to be desirable, tolerable, or acceptable is controversial in society. Open questions and conflicts of this type in the context of science and technology are the point of departure for the ethics of technology.7 Technology conflicts are, as a rule, not only conflicts over technological means (e.g., in questions of efficiency), but are also conflicts over visions of the future, of concepts of humanity, and on views of society. The role of the ethics of technology consists of analysis of the normative structure of technology conflicts and the search for rational, argumentative, and discursive methods of resolving them.
Moral, Legal, and Ethical Issues of Technology in Education
Published in Manpreet Singh Manna, Balamurugan Balusamy, Kiran Sood, Naveen Chilamkurti, Ignisha Rajathi George, Edutech Enabled Teaching, 2023
The term ‘ethics' or ‘morality', a branch of philosophy, ‘involves the concept of a thin line between right and wrong'. Ethics in technology refers to not breaking any norms, such as confidentiality, copyright, hacking, and many more that might harm an individual either for personal or professional benefit (Sniderman, 2020).
A Functional BCI Model by the P2731 working group: Physiology
Published in Brain-Computer Interfaces, 2021
Ali Hossaini, Davide Valeriani, Chang S. Nam, Raffaele Ferrante, Mufti Mahmud
While ethics and technology limits research into HFOs, it is now acknowledged that there are one or more frequency bands above gamma. To date they have been most frequently recorded in the occipital cortex, the hand motor area [129] and the hippocampus, an inner region of the temporal cortex that is crucial to memory. Since they often occur during periods of sleep associated with memory consolidation, some researchers associate HFOs with the formation of memory, a process which involves replaying incidents during non-REM sleep [130,131]. Normative values for HFOs have yet to be established, but researchers are working to establish common naming conventions, frequency ranges and functional descriptions [129,132]. These oscillations may one day have application in some of the advanced forms of BCI described below.
Epos – an instrument for the assessment of the ethical position in software development
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2019
Stefan Brandenburg, Michael Minge
The IoT is a further domain highlighting the prominent role of ethics in technology development. IoT is an ongoing revolution in the digital age and ‘it is far bigger than anyone realizes’ (Burros 2014, wired.com). Whether IoT turns out to be revolutionary or not – it includes options that widely affect everyday life. Technicians and researchers have numerous alternatives exploiting the technical aspects of IoT, and they are striving after them. But who thinks about the non-technical aspects of IoT? Some of them relate to issues before IoT services are developed and others to issues after IoT services are deployed. Before an IoT service is put in place, it could be asked whether it is indispensable. This type of question is not only connected to business considerations but also, for example, to other consequences ensuing from the IoT service as to data security, or privacy issues. After an IoT service is deployed, challenging ethical questions evolve as well. User data for example could be regarded as an individuals’ property and not a company’s one (cf. Brandenburg et al. 2017; Bohannon 2015), which is in line with law principles, such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Accordingly, one could argue that companies or researchers who gather user data are increasing their possession, not their property. Hence, they would be allowed to use their possession as determined by the individual that owns the property, which is the user. However, even if one argues that data that are being assessed by IoT services can be regarded as the companies’ or researchers’ property, the ethical issues would not vanish, they would change. Property would oblige the owner to deal responsibly with it. One implication of responsibility could mean doing good for the public.
Can the technological mediation approach improve technology assessment? A critical view from ‘within’*
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
Bas de Boer, Jonne Hoek, Olga Kudina
Ethics of technology primarily concerns normative assessment. The technological mediation approach, taken at face value, does not provide such an assessment. However, Kiran, Oudshoorn, and Verbeek (2015) suggested to augment current TA practices with the mediation approach. In this section, we scrutinize this ambition by positioning the technological mediation approach within the canvas of TA practice.