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Probability theory
Published in Dušan Teodorović, Miloš Nikolić, Quantitative Methods in Transportation, 2020
Dušan Teodorović, Miloš Nikolić
The Erlang distribution was introduced by Agner Krarup Erlang (1878–1929), Danish mathematician and engineer, while working for the Copenhagen Telephone Company. A random variable has an Erlang distribution, if its probability density function is given by: fk=λk⋅xk−1(k−1)!⋅e−λ⋅xx>0,λ>0,kpositiveinteger
Internet of Things-Compliant Platforms for Inter-Networking Metamaterials
Published in Christos Liaskos, The Internet of Materials, 2020
RabbitMQ[10] is an open-source message-broker software that originally implemented the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) and has since been extended with a plug-in architecture to support Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol (STOMP), MQ Telemetry Transport (MQTT), and other protocols. The RabbitMQ server program is written in the Erlang programming language and is built on the Open Telecom Platform framework for clustering and failover. Client libraries to interface with the broker are available for all major programming languages. RabbitMQ has TLS and clustering support.
Comparison of Erlang/OTP and JADE implementations for standby redundancy in a holonic controller
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
G. T. Hawkridge, A. H. Basson, K. Kruger
Erlang is a functional programming language designed for the development of fault-tolerant soft real-time control systems (Armstrong 1996). OTP (Open Telecom Platform), a key feature of Erlang, is a set of libraries that simplify the development of large complex systems (Armstrong 2010, 73). Erlang/OTP is not well known within the manufacturing systems’ academic community, but it has an impressive industrial track record. Initially developed by Ericsson, Erlang/OTP has been used in several successful, large-scale products such as the AXD301 switch (Armstrong 2003). Erlang and OTP were public released as open source software in 1998. Since then, its use has provided several companies with competitive advantages, leading to a rapidly growing user community. A prominent example of the competitive advantage that Erlang/OTP can provide is WhatsApp, which used Erlang/OTP to develop a high-reliability, massively-scalable messaging service that serves more than 450 million users (O’Connell 2014).
Evaluation of JADE multi-agent system and Erlang holonic control implementations for a manufacturing cell
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
The second implementation considered in this paper was developed using the Erlang programming language. Erlang is a concurrent, functional programming language that was developed for programming concurrent, scalable and distributed systems. Erlang employs many lightweight processes to work concurrently, while distributed over many devices. The actor model of Erlang facilitates processes that are strongly isolated, do not share memory and only interact through the exchange of messages (Armstrong 2003). The Erlang programming environment is supplemented by the Open Telecommunications Platform (OTP) – a set of robust Erlang libraries and design principles providing middleware to develop Erlang systems (Anonymous, s.a. (a); Logan, Merrit, and Carlsson 2011).
Evaluation criteria for holonic control implementations in manufacturing systems
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
The PROSA implementation is performed using Erlang/OTP and is similar to that presented by Kruger and Basson (2017). Erlang is a functional programming language that was specifically developed for programming concurrent, scalable and distributed systems. Erlang employs an actor model, by which many lightweight processes work concurrently (usually distributed over many devices). All the information exchange between processes occur through asynchronous messaging. Erlang is further supplemented by OTP – a set of robust libraries and design principles, which provides middle-ware for the development of Erlang systems (Logan, Merrit, and Carlsson 2011).