China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Multimedia Systems
Published in Sreeparna Banerjee, Elements of Multimedia, 2019
Text is used to communicate emotions through the use of emoticons (Figure 1.1) and emojis (Figure 1.2) [14]. An emoticon is a pictorial representation of a facial expression using characters that are present on a computer keyboard. These characters can be punctuation marks, numbers, and letters that portray a person’s feelings or moods. Emoticons and emojis are time-saving method. An emoji is a more recent invention. Emojis are pictographs of faces, objects, and symbols (Figure 1.3).
Writing for E-Media
Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Technical Writing, 2018
Emoticons are text-based graphics that depict facial expressions in order to represent an underlying emotion. Emoticons have apparently been used since the mid-to-late 1800s in print writing [Lee 2009]. I recall seeing and using emoticons on teletype printouts and on paper punch tape outputs in the 1970s.
Aspect-based classification of product reviews using Hadoop framework
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2020
Anisha P. Rodrigues, Niranjan N. Chiplunkar, Roshan Fernandes
The review text may contain short word opinions such as nic, gud, g8, and many more are converted into full forms. For short words and slang word replacement, the words in the review text are compared with slang word corpus. If the word in the review text matches with the slang word in the corpus then it is replaced with appropriate, meaningful word. It also replaces the elongated words such as “supppeerrrb” with “super”. The review text is also examined to eliminate the special characters like “+,” “-,” “=,” “#,” “$,” “*,” etc. An emoticon is a short form of emotion icon, which is the visual portrayal of facial expression, used to communicate the opinion, attitude, or emotion. The emoticons which express the feelings like happy, sad, angry, thumbs up, and thumbs down are considered. Such emoticons are identified and converted into text using Java emoji library.
A comparison of three think-aloud protocols used to evaluate a voice intelligent agent that expresses emotions
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2019
Xiang Ji, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
More specially, emoticons can be used to convey the emotions of VIAs. Emoticons are graphic representations of facial expressions that can be embedded in electronic messages (Walther and D’Addario 2001) and are widely used by users to express emotions in instant messaging (Tossell et al. 2012). Since VIAs are embedded in social networks, emoticons can also be used in the interaction between users and VIAs as expressions of emotion. Therefore, this study inferred that VIAs that use emoticons can be regarded as emotionally expressive systems, and users will be more tolerant of emotional VIAs. Therefore, the following hypotheses were proposed: H3-1: When facing emotional VIAs, users will produce fewer utterances compared with facing non-emotional VIAs.H3-2: When facing emotional VIAs, users will spend less time on evaluations compared with facing non-emotional VIAs.
Modelling user reactions expressed through graphical widgets in intelligent interactive systems
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
F. Cena, C. Gena, E. Mensa, F. Vernero
Emoticons are small images or conjunctions of diacritical symbols, which represent moods, facial expressions and activities which can be considered non-verbal substitutes for communicating emotions and feelings in a text-based environment (Rezabek and Cochenour 1998). Emoticons representing an abstract depiction of a human face are perceived in the same manner as the corresponding facial expression. Since they are very versatile and can convey different types of information (emotion, mood, activities, objects, etc.), emoticons have been mainly studied in order to verify what they can convey, especially in relation to emotions and mood. Yuasa, Saito, and Mukawa (2006) showed that a smiling emoticon activates the same brain areas as the image of a person smiling and can therefore be considered as a representation of that emotion. Other studies focused on other emoticons (Ruan 2011) such as the ones representing actions (dancing, jumping, singing) or objects (sun, heart, rain), or a specific mood not associated with a particular facial expression (tired, bored, creative). Most of the studies focused on the interpretation of the emotions conveyed by the emoticons, exploiting sentiment analysis techniques. We can cite Rojas, Kirschenmann, and Wolpers (2012) which performed a sentiment analysis on text-based chat-logs on Skype, disregarding all verbal information and using only emoticons to detect positive sentiments, demonstrating that emoticons do indeed represent a strong indicator for detecting positivity within chat communication. Another example is Hogenboom et al. (2013), which exploited an emoticon sentiment lexicon in order to improve a state-of-the-art lexicon-based sentiment classification method, demonstrating that using emoticons significantly improves sentiment classification accuracy. This indicates that whenever emoticons are used, their associated sentiment dominates the sentiment conveyed by textual cues and forms a good proxy for the intended sentiment.