China 
Africa 
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Legacy to Current-Day Telephone Networks
Published in Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom, Introduction to COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, 2015
Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom
Service level essentially means the required levels of network capacity. In QoS, there are three levels defined: best effort, differentiated service, and guaranteed service. Best effort is the lowest level and shows no differentiation between network flows or guarantees. Differentiated service defines priority levels for different network flows with a possible guarantee. Allocated priority to voice ensures that delay-sensitive applications are not compromised by other applications and also ensures that voice packets will be delivered without loss. Guaranteed service reserves network resources for certain flow types. To reserve these resources, the resource reservation protocol (RSVP) is used. RSVP is a signaling protocol within the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/IP suite of protocols used to manage data packet transfer on the network.
Differentiated premium membership mechanism in platform competition
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Li Hu, Shaofu Du, Lei Wang, Wenzhi Tang
In addition to differentiated products, there is a large literature on differentiated services. Damiano and Li (2007) study a monopoly matchmaker which differentiates both sides to generate an efficient matching process. Gebauer, Gustafsson, and Witell (2011) research the relationship among the complexity of customer needs, customer centricity, innovativeness, service differentiation, and business performance within the context of companies that have made a service transition from pure goods providers to service providers. Jayaswal and Jewkes (2016) try to understand how competition affects the price and lead time differentiation of the firms in the presence of different operations strategies (shared versus dedicated capacity), product substitution and asymmetry between the competing firms. He, Aggarwal, and Nof (2018) show that differentiated service is a useful and practical approach when a service provider has to respond effectively to many customers under time constraints, and some of the customers are willing to pay a higher price for the service, to obtain faster and/or better service quality.