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Communication Network at a Glance
Published in Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez, Network Evolution and Applications, 2023
Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez
Data communication, in general, is the process of transferring data from the sending node toward the receiving node. It happens only after a network connection is established between the communicating nodes. The terms data communication and computer network are very much related and dependent on each other. The data received by the receiving node should ideally replicate the data that was generated and transmitted by the sending node. This data can be any information or a message signal that can be digital or analog that the sender wants to send it to the receiver. Usually, there are certain data losses in the communicating medium, and the received signal may not represent the exact data as was transmitted by the sending node, and hence, there are certain techniques of error correction mechanism to get corrected data at the receiving end.
High-Performance Computing for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer
Published in W.J. Minkowycz, E.M. Sparrow, Advances in Numerical Heat Transfer, 2018
Fibre Channel (FC) was developed to be a practical, inexpensive, yet expendable means of quickly transferring data between workstations, mainframes, supercomputers, desktop computers, storage devices, displays and other peripherals [12]. Fibre Channel is the general name of an integrated set of standards [X3T9.3 Task Group of ANSI: Fibre Channel Physical and Signaling Interface (FC-PH), Rev. 4.2 October 8, 1993] being developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). There are two basic types communication: data communication between processors (networks) and data communication between processors and peripherals (channels). A channel provides a direct or switched point-to-point connection between the communicating devices. In contrast, a network is an aggregation of distributed nodes (like workstations, file servers or peripherals) with a distinct protocol that support interaction among the nodes. A network has relatively high overhead, since it is software-intensive and consequently is slower than a channel.
SCADA communication
Published in Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald, Power System SCADA and Smart Grids, 2017
Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern data communications and represents an agreement between the communicating devices. Two devices may be physically connected, but for data communication between the two, the devices should agree upon or understand the same protocol. A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is communicated, and when it is communicated.
Security in Internet of Drones: A Comprehensive Review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Snehal Samanth, Prema K V, Mamatha Balachandra
This is an era in which people are surrounded by different IoT devices, among which IoD devices are a subset. IoD devices are also called flying IoT devices, and most of the time these devices are quite dynamic. Though IoD devices have contributed significantly to UAV applications and drone industries, this comes at the cost of vulnerabilities of the UAV data transmissions and storage. Moreover, since the IoD devices are resource-constrained, it is necessary to maintain or improve the efficiency of data storage, as well as data communication among these devices. So, different secure IoD frameworks and mechanisms based on Cryptography concepts have been divided into four subsections: 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 6.4. As it can be observed from the review in this section, the review has focused mainly on two main aspects: security of the IoD frameworks, and efficiency of the frameworks. Security of the IoD frameworks has been validated by using different standard security tools, by assuming some threat models of the designed IoD frameworks, and by performing formal and informal security analysis. In Informal security analysis, the resistance of the IoD frameworks against different security attacks has been shown. The efficiency of the frameworks has been analyzed most of the time by considering three main efficiency parameters of the frameworks: computation time, communication time, and storage time.
Integration of UWB RSS to Wi-Fi RSS fingerprinting-based indoor positioning system
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Alvin-Ming-Song Chong, Boon-Chin Yeo, Way-Soong Lim
IPS can be developed by using different kinds of technologies such as optical technology (Oh et al., 2014; K. K. Wang et al., 2017), ultrasound (Medina, Segura, De La Torre et al., 2013a, 2013b), Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU Bai et al., 2020; Poulose et al., 2019), and wireless technology (Lv et al., 2021). In this paper, the term wireless technology refers to wireless data communication technology. Over the last decade, many wireless technologies have been used for the development of IPS. Examples of the wireless technologies are Bluetooth (Lee et al., 2014; Y. Y. Wang et al., 2015), Zigbee (Dong et al., 2017; Uradzinski et al., 2017), Wi-Fi (Hsieh et al., 2019; Rashid et al., 2016), and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB Hong et al., 2019; Wei et al., 2018).
Asynchronous Wrapper-Based Low-Power GALS Structural QDMA
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
B.K. Vinay, S. Pushpa Mala, S. Deekshitha
Various design methodologies for GALS architecture include plausible clocks, asynchronous and locally synchronous modules. Plausible clocks avoid metastability by delaying the sampling of the clock until the arrival of data. In asynchronous interface design styles, the signal received from the outer clock domain is transferred to the local clock domain by synchronizers [8]. LS design styles analyze time bounds, overcoming the need for handshaking for data transfer [9]. Signal Transition Graphs (STG) represent the flow of positive and negative edges of the signals. In the proposed wrapper, a modified STG is adopted to reduce the communication time between two LS modules. A latch is added between two LS modules to store data for efficient communication [10]. Furthermore, a gated clock-based interface for GALS has been suggested wherein the external clock is gated to drive the local clock of the LS modules based on the request from port controllers [11]. The GALS interface uses First in First out (FIFO) buffers operating in asynchronous mode for data transfer between mixed clock-based LS modules [12]. The latency involved in synchronization between two LS modules is reduced using high bandwidth communication called STARI-based GALS interface deploying single-stage FIFO at receiver with the advantage of the stability of the clock [13]. Oliveira et al. [7] proposed a single-port controller for managing data communication in multipoint and point-to-point GALS for reduced area consumption. Stretchable clocks are realized to control the clock generator [14]. Asynchronous elements, such as join and fork, could be used, like “join” various data signals and send to GALS module and “fork” being used to send data to various sinks [3].