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Packet Forwarding in the Switch/Router
Published in James Aweya, Designing Switch/Routers, 2023
A very expensive procedure or task in multitasking OSs is performing context switching whether this is initiated by a hardware or software interrupt or by process scheduling. When multiple processes share a single CPU running a multitasking OS, the CPU performs a context switch (i.e., changes the execution context) by storing the state of a thread or process, so that it can be restored and resume execution at a later point in time. Context switching is a very expensive operation and can have a negative impact on system performance. This is because when control is passed to another process, the CPU has to execute a large number of instructions to save and load all relevant registers and memory maps, update various tables and lists, load the context of the new process, plus other important operations. Furthermore, the memory cache of the CPU may have to be invalidated. Much of the design of OSs particularly in routing devices is to optimize the execution of context switching.
Design of a novel CMOS/MTJ-based multibit SRAM cell with low store energy for IoT applications
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2020
Kanika Monga, Nitin Chaturvedi, S. Gurunarayanan
However, to load any cached context, content of the active context is first stored so that it can be restored and executed from the same point later. The process of storing one context and loading another is referred to as context switch. The real time switching is realised by using an equalisation transistor (XE5) shown in Figure 1, which allows context switching without turning off the power supply. The proposed cell works in four operational mode: Normal read/write operation, Load operation, Store and Switch operation.