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Programming Paradigms for IoT Applications: An Exploratory Study
Published in Vijender Kumar Solanki, Vicente García Díaz, J. Paulo Davim, Handbook of IoT and Big Data, 2019
Sivadi Balakrishna, M. Thirumaran
CoAP stands for Constrained Application Protocol. CoAP is an application layer protocol like HTTP and UDP, which are mainly used for tiny IoT based Applications. CoAP mainly works on top of HTTP functionalities. It is the subset of REST Architecture. REST defines simply the method of exchange of data between clients and servers over HTTP protocol. REST has the greatest principles like cacheable mechanism, stateless, and uniform interface. Like REST architecture style, CoAP is also using URIs for identifying resources through representations. These URIs can be treated as nouns and HTTP methods like GET, PUT, UPDATE, and DELETE treated as verbs. REST is an architectural style for connecting distributed hypermedia systems. A CoAP with REST functionalities then called as RESTful CoAP protocol. In addition, other protocols for IOT applications include Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), low power wireless communication protocol (Z-wave), RACS, AMQP, and XMPP. Dissimilar to HTTP-based conventions, CoAP works over UDP; what’s more, it utilizes a basic retransmission component rather than utilizing complex log control as utilized as a part of standard TCP.
Fundamentals of Internet of Things
Published in Bhawana Rudra, Anshul Verma, Shekhar Verma, Bhanu Shrestha, Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 2022
Sarthak Srivastava, Anshul Verma, Pradeepika Verma
CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a type of web transfer protocol for machine-to-machine communication applications of smart devices, and it is clear from the name that it can be used with constrained nodes and networks in IoT with low bandwidth and availability. CoAP is featured with URI (uniform resource identifier) and asynchronous message exchange in constrained environment, i.e., in the network of low bandwidth and high congestion or limited connectivity. CoAP can support a network with billions of nodes for a reliable data exchange and can also maintain the satellite communication. It is a basic client server protocol that uses UDP network protocol and methods the same as HTTP [40–41].
Integration and Application of Fog, IoT and Edge Computing
Published in Ravi Tomar, Avita Katal, Susheela Dahiya, Niharika Singh, Tanupriya Choudhury, Fog Computing, 2023
Mohammed Ali Shaik, P. Praveen, T. Sampath Kumar
Constrained Application Protocol:CoAP stands for Constrained Application Protocol, which is built for the low-power networks in IoT. It is a software-based protocol that works on the application layer to use in the constrained Internet-connected devices [13]. CoAP runs over the UDP protocol and satisfies the Representational State Transfer full (RESTful) towards supporting Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) [14]. An overview of nodes connected using CoAP is shown in Figure 13.2. CoAP is a compressed version of the HTTP. In messaging, it supports four different kinds of messages: confirmable (CON), non-confirmable (NON), acknowledgement (ACK), reset (RST).
Application of the Internet of Things in the textile industry
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
Hitesh Manglani, George L. Hodge, William Oxenham
There are seven potential application protocols for the IoT. Since HTTP and HTTP REST are fundamental building blocks of these protocols, derived five protocols are discussed in the Table 2. These are the influential ones, and developing protocols are not limited to these five protocols. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is used for low power, low computation, and communication capability devices, which is usually the case on the shop floor in manufacturing industries. The sensor-embedded SBCs do not have resources to perform a task similar to say a laptop. Thus, to make it ‘smart’ to store, process, and exchange information with the internet, protocols are needed to make up for their low computational powers. CoAP is based on the HTTP REST protocol to transport data with an on-demand user request to access data. CoAP can communicate with several devices simultaneously with reduced overhead.
The digital ‘connected’ earth: open technology for providing location-based services on degraded communication environments
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2018
Ramón Piedrafita, Rubén Béjar, Rubén Blasco, Alvaro Marco, F. Javier Zarazaga-Soria
All these cases present ad hoc solutions, not a general approach that could offer base technology for the development of new applications (the main objective of this paper). Of course, other alternatives for developing high-level communication schemes over SMS have been developed. For instance, Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) was introduced as a simpler alternative to the HTTP for connecting constrained smart objects to the Web and offering an implementation over SMS. Nevertheless, the support over this channel can be considered as a draft expired according to the Internet Engineering Task Force (Poetsch et al. 2013).
Secured Model for Internet of Things (IoT) to Monitor Smart Field Data with Integrated Real-Time Cloud Using Lightweight Cryptography
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
CoAP is a popular IoT protocol (Constrained Application Protocol). It is default to be used in resource settings, which makes it an acceptable option for IoT devices. It is a customizable and lightweight HTTP edition (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol). CoAP tends, however, to several types of crashes through error code execution, extension attacks (an attacker may use an edge system to turn smaller packets into bigger packages), and spoofing attacks. This illustrates how IoT protocols [3] are still very vulnerable and it is increasingly important to avoid attacks.