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Source coding: compression of video and audio signals
Published in Hervé Benoit, Digital Television, 2002
In case of TV broadcasting, many programmes are transmitted in one channel (see next chapter ''source multiplexing''). In this case, constant bitrate coding (CBR) is replaced advantageously by a variable bitrate coding (VBR) in which the instantaneous bitrate allocated to a programme can vary according to the needs (movements in the image). The instantaneous bitrate allocation to each of the programmes of the multiplex must of course take into account the bitrate needs of the other programmes at the same moment. Since the probability that all programmes require simultaneously a maximum bitrate is low, this allows most of the time to allocate a higher bitrate to a programme during phases of important movements in the scene without quality alteration of the other programmes. This type of coding is known as statistical multiplexing.
Encoding for Windows Media
Published in Joe Follansbee, Hands-On Guide to Windows Media, 2012
Constant Bit Rate Encoding – In streaming media, almost all audio and video files are encoded for a constant bit rate, or CBR. This means that the data flows from the streaming server over the Internet to Windows Media Player at a steady, predictable rate. CBR encoding results in a better experience over unreliable Internet connections. However, because CBR encoding assumes that the type of content in a file remains the same over time, a change in the content may result in visual glitches. For example, if a boring news report suddenly switches to an exciting car commercial, the increased amount of data in the commercial (complex music, faster editing) may be lost and the impact diluted.
Encoding Audio and Video
Published in Joe Follansbee, Hands-On Guide to Streaming Media, 2006
In streaming media, all audio and video files must be encoded at a constant bit rate, or CBR. This means that the data flows from the streaming server over the Internet to the player at a steady, predictable rate. CBR encoding provides a better experience over unreliable Internet connections. However, because CBR encoding demands that the data rate remain the same over time, a sudden change in the content may result in visual glitches. For example, if a boring news report suddenly switches to an exciting car commercial, the data rate may not be enough to encode the commercial (complex music, faster editing) as well as the low-action content, and the impact is diluted.
Heuristic traffic engineering for SDN
Published in Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 2020
Khoa Truong Dinh, Sławomir Kukliński, Tomasz Osiński, Jacek Wytrębowicz
In general, user requirements may differ significantly. For example, Constant Bitrate Rate (CBR) flows should obtain sufficient average bitrate in a short-term, whereas the TCP traffic can adapt to changing network conditions what is not granted because a TCP session can saturate the used path.