China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Future Computing
Published in Kirk Hausman, Sustainable Enterprise Architecture, 2011
Beneficial uses of coordinated computing are also possible, such as the SETI@Home and Folding@Home projects using the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) model. Users can download a small application package that operates during system idle times, performing mathematic data analysis on selected projects of interest. The total processing power of the BOINC projects currently exceeds the Cray Jaguar’s power by three times the total floating-point operations available to the dedicated supercomputer, but is composed only of personal computers whose idle-time processing power has been volunteered to the BOINC projects. Private installations of the BOINC infrastructure can also be created to allow an organization to leverage its own combined desktop computing power toward dedicated high-performance computing functionality.
A Distributed Artificial Intelligence
Published in Satya Prakash Yadav, Dharmendra Prasad Mahato, Nguyen Thi Dieu Linh, Distributed Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Pushpa Singh, Rajnesh Singh, Narendra Singh, Murari Kumar Singh
The BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) is an open software platform for an organization of distributed computing. BOINC architecture is based on the concept of a distributed AI. It has a BOINC client and BOINC server. BOINC client can communicate with HTTP communications protocol to work. The client can run and control applications. BOINC server entails a set of individual subsystems (agents), each of which is responsible for its own well-defined task, such as performing calculations, file transfer, task scheduler, etc.
Various Techniques for the Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain
Published in Amitoj Singh, Vinay Kukreja, Taghi Javdani Gandomani, Machine Learning for Edge Computing, 2023
Smart devices or mobile devices are not very capable of performing computations as they are low-powered. This constraint becomes crucial for the applications of blockchain. Various blockchain technologies use PoW to generate relevant blocks. This process involves solving complex mathematical problem for which huge amounts of computational power is required. It is basically a cryptographic puzzle in which hash must be produced with leading zeroes by varying the nonce field of the block. This cryptographic puzzle is hard to solve as various iterations are done to create nonce, but it is easy to verify as hash can be easily verified using all fields of the block. Due to a lot of computations involved in this consensus algorithm, other consensus algorithms, such as PoS, PoX, PoR, etc., are also used in various platforms. Mining is a process that is used to create secure transactions that are part of blockchain. After the process of mining, blocks are added to the blockchain. This process consumes a lot of computational power. Groups of people who are involved in mining are known as miners. In the case of PoW, miners need to come up with nonce, which produces leading zeroes in hash. The brute force approach is applied for creating a nonce. The miners need to go through various iterations that can produce nonce. A lot of electricity is consumed when producing nonce. Hash produced is the proof of work. Before adding block to a system, the block is verified by all systems in the network. In this way, a lot of computations are required for verifying and validating block. These devices need some platform where blockchain computations can be deployed so that computing power for hashing, applying encryption algorithms, and consensus algorithms like PoW, etc., can be achieved. The data produced by the smart devices is generally offloaded to a blockchain-based network. The most promising approach of the blockchain is the distributed computing. MPC is a category of cryptography that allows a group of mutually distrusting parties to mutually execute computations on the input given to them. Edge nodes that lie very close to the network also have sufficient resources for performing computations that are transferred by the smart devices. A lot of work is done to integrate smart devices with the edge servers for supporting the deployment of blockchain. On the basis of Ethereum, smart contract, and Xtrem Web-HEP, a blockchain-based entirely distributed computing infrastructure known as iEx.ec is projected. Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) is an open-source middleware platform for network computing that can support blockchain computations.
Scheduling in volunteer computing networks, based on neural network prediction of the job execution time
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2019
S. S. Parkhomenko, T. M. Ledeneva
Volunteer computing networks are a modern technology of distributed computing for large-scale computations and data processing based on computing resources connected to the Internet. It is understood that the computations are carried out by volunteers – users or organisations that have personal computers or clusters whose resources they agree to provide. To organise large-scale computing for solving various scientific problems, various projects are created using the BOINC platform (Folding@Home, MilkyWay@Home, Einstein@Home, Rosetta@Home, OPTIMA@Home, etc.), which is one of the known and common platforms for the organisation of volunteer computing.