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Quality Management System
Published in Abdul Razzak Rumane, Quality Management in Oil and Gas Projects, 2021
A quality audit is formal or methodical examining, reviewing, and investigating existing system to determine whether agreed-upon requirements are being met. An audit is a systematic independent and documented process to verify or evaluate and report the degree of compliance to the agreed-upon quality criteria, or the specification or contract requirements of the product, services, or project. There are mainly three types of audits. These are as follows: Product auditProcess auditSystem auditCompliance auditAdequacy audit
Functions of OECD Water Governance Principles in assessing water governance practices: assessing the Dutch Flood Protection Programme
Published in Water International, 2018
Chris Seijger, Stijn Brouwer, Arwin van Buuren, Herman Kasper Gilissen, Marleen van Rijswick, Michelle Hendriks
The functions of the principles presented above roughly reflect the more general functions of governance assessment frameworks as discussed in the policy and programme evaluation literature (Hill & Hupe, 2002; Royse, Thyer, & Padgett, 2010). In general, governance frameworks can be used in three different ways. First of all, they can have an auditing function. In that case, frameworks are used to check whether governance systems provide several functions and thus meet the criteria of an (independent, external) auditor (Davies, 1999). Audits can have a more technical orientation, e.g. ‘ticking boxes’ to find out whether specific functions are in place. They can also have a more qualitative logic, in which audits are used to say something more about how these functions perform. Audits can be conducted by peers (internal audits) or by external actors. In both forms, they are often used as a soft governance tool to enhance policy implementation and coordination.