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From slender columns to branching structures
Published in Günther Meschke, Bernhard Pichler, Jan G. Rots, Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures, 2018
R. Krč, J. Podroužek, R. Wan-Wendner
In terms of inner structure optimization, there are five aspects to consider in general. These are the periodic implicit formulation, its period length, shell thickness, shell density, and systematic/random spatial variation of the aforementioned. By considering different optimization goals (structural, thermal, acoustic, durability, costs, aesthetic) in combination with the five optimization aspects mentioned above, the dimensionality of the problem may clearly become prohibitive from optimization point of view. As seen often in nature, the fractal principle may be also applied to the shell thickness and density, where solid infill is not preferable and standard infill patterns (rectangular, triangular, honeycomb, etc.) should be applied to optimize production (3D printing) speed, among others.
Mechanical reinforcement course of 3D printed polypropylene–antimony doped Tin Oxide nanocomposites versus filler loading
Published in Advanced Composite Materials, 2022
Nectarios Vidakis, Markos Petousis, Emanuel Velidakis, Nikolaos Mountakis, Peder Erik Fischer-Griffiths, Sotirios A. Grammatikos, Lazaros Tzounis
Initial trails were performed to obtain the optimum FFF 3D printing parameters (set of parameters), giving high quality of 3D printing process for the PP and the PP/ATO nanocomposite systems in this study. The specimens were built with the following 3D printing parameters: 100% solid infill, 45 degree deposition orientation angle, 0.2 mm layer height, and 255°C 3D printing nozzle temperature. It is worth mentioning that during the experimental efforts followed to develop the PP/ATO batches, filaments, and specimens, several significant observations were made. Filaments that were not appropriately dried, led to 3D printed structures with inferior properties and often clogged the 3D printing heads. Another finding was that the reduction of 3D printing speed to 30 mm/s and the increase in material flow to 110% resulted in more consistent and higher quality printed structures.