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2 storage
Published in Xia-Ting Feng, Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017
Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) uses a seismic source operating at the surface, and seismic receivers in at least one observation borehole. The specific acquisition geometry depends on the acquisition task defined by the site operator. For zero offset VSP, a seismic source operates close to the well head of the observation borehole. Seismic receivers are used at a large depth range from the well head down to the bottom hole to record the wavefield over the full depth range of the well. The acquired data are used for an analysis of seismic velocity with depth, and for providing a reflectivity image along the trace of the observation well. Offset VSP is acquired using a seismic source operating on a source location at a certain distance from the observation well and by acquiring the seismic wavefield over are large depth interval in the well. 2D and 3D VSP measurements consist of a seismic source operating along profiles or within a 2D array of source point locations on the surface and the acquisition of the wavefields by a limited amount of borehole receivers at fixed depth levels in the borehole. This approach is also referred to as Moving Source Profiling (MSP). Examples of borehole seismic surveys acquired for monitoring CO2 storage are presented in Section 6.
2 storage
Published in Xia-Ting Feng, Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017
Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) uses a seismic source operating at the surface, and seismic receivers in at least one observation borehole. The specific acquisition geometry depends on the acquisition task defined by the site operator. For zero offset VSP, a seismic source operates close to the well head of the observation borehole. Seismic receivers are used at a large depth range from the well head down to the bottom hole to record the wavefield over the full depth range of the well. The acquired data are used for an analysis of seismic velocity with depth, and for providing a reflectivity image along the trace of the observation well. Offset VSP is acquired using a seismic source operating on a source location at a certain distance from the observation well and by acquiring the seismic wavefield over are large depth interval in the well. 2D and 3D VSP measurements consist of a seismic source operating along profiles or within a 2D array of source point locations on the surface and the acquisition of the wavefields by a limited amount of borehole receivers at fixed depth levels in the borehole. This approach is also referred to as Moving Source Profiling (MSP). Examples of borehole seismic surveys acquired for monitoring CO2 storage are presented in Section 6.
Applications of Distributed Vibration Sensors (DVSs)
Published in Arthur H. Hartog, An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors, 2017
DVS, particularly differential-phase DVS (dΦ - DVS), is rapidly developing into an accepted alternative to conventional, electrical sensors in borehole seismic acquisition. Borehole seismic measurements, also known as vertical seismic profiling (VSP), consist of inserting one or more vibration sensors into a borehole and using sources external to the borehole to generate a seismic signal that is detected by the borehole sensors. Only a brief introduction to the subject of borehole seismic survey is provided here; further details may be found in Ref. [10].
Geomechanical study of gas reservoir rock using vertical seismic profile and petrophysical data (continental shelf in southern Iran)
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2019
Mohammad Abdideh, Mohammad Ali Moghimzadeh
Vertical seismic profile (VSP) is one of the down hole seismic methods where the source is on the ground and geophones inside the well. The waves recorded by VSP method benefit from the advantage of following shorter distance on the earth and having less noise and attenuation. Through VSP, it is possible to make conformity between recorded reflective waves and underground stratigraphy (Brown 1999). Due to high-resolution capability of this method, it is possible to recognise the effects near the wall well which is almost impossible in surface seismography. Despite various advantages, VSP has not turned to a common method in seismicity studies that is due to being costly and time-consuming (Frignet and Hartog 2014).