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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Treatment Performance in Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants: Case Studies in Veracruz, Mexico
Published in María del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa, Amado Enrique Navarro-Frómeta, Josep M. Bayona, Artificial or Constructed Wetlands, 2018
María Elizabeth Hernández-Alarcón, José Luis Marín-Muñiz
The samples were analyzed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), nitrate (N-NO3-1), orthophosphate (P-PO43-), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), total solids (TS), and total suspended solids (TSS). COD was measured using the oxidation of K2Cr2O7 micro-method (APHA 1998), N-NH3 was analyzed by the Nessler method, and total nitrogen was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method (APHA 1998). Phosphate phosphorus, P-PO4, was quantified using the ascorbic acid method by Sandell and Onsh (1978). Total phosphorus was analyzed by persulfate digestion followed by the ascorbic acid method. All these colorimetric analyses were performed using a UV-Vis Jenway- Genova spectrophotometer (Jenway-Essex, UK). A Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (Torch, Teledyne Tekmar) was used to analyze TOC in water. TSS and TS were analyzed by gravimetric methods (APHA 1998).
Urban Sources of Micropollutants: from the Catchment to the Lake
Published in Nathalie Chèvre, Andrew Barry, Florence Bonvin, Neil Graham, Jean-Luc Loizeau, Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Luca Rossi, Torsten Vennemann, Micropollutants in Large Lakes, 2018
Jonas Margot, Luca Rossi, D. A. Barry
As the pollution in runoff water is in many cases (apart from pesticides) associated with particulate matters (e.g., for heavy metals, PAHs, PBDEs) (Gasperi et al., 2014), most of the technologies proposed for the treatment of such waters are mainly based on particle removal. For an optimal treatment, ideally, a combination of three processes is recommended: decantation, filtration and adsorption. The role of decantation is to remove most of suspended solids (TSS) by using either settling tanks or hydrocyclones. As the settleability of TSS is often low in stormwater, a filtration step through a bed of sand, organic matter (vegetation, compost, wood chips, etc.), of soil and/or of other media (textile, zoelite, activated carbon, etc.) is then recommended. The goal of the filtration is: (i) to retain the remaining fine particles and the pollutants associated; (ii) to promote the biodegradation of the pollutants by the microorganisms present in the filter; and (iii) to adsorb the dissolved pollutants onto the filter substrate, which can be organic (e.g., compost, soil, activated carbon) or mineral (e.g., zeolites, iron or aluminium oxides, ion-exchange resin). More detailed information on the design of such processes can be found, for instance, in the ASTRA guideline (ASTRA, 2015).
Treatment of Wastes in Industry
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
The term ‘total solids’ refers to matter suspended or dissolved in water or wastewater and is related to both specific conductance and turbidity. ‘Total solids’ (also referred to as total residue) is the term used for material left in a container after evaporation and drying of a water sample. Total solids include both total suspended solids, the portion of total solids retained by a filter, and total dissolved solids, the portion that passes through a filter. Total solids can be measured by evaporating a water sample in a weighed dish and then drying the residue in an oven at 103 to 105°C. The increase in weight of the dish represents the total solids. Instead of total solids, laboratories often measure total suspended solids and/ or total dissolved solids. To measure total suspended solids (TSS), the water sample is filtered through a pre-weighed filter. The residue retained on the filter is dried in an oven at 103 to 105°C until the weight of the filter no longer changes. The increase in weight of the filter represents the total suspended solids. TSS can also be measured by analyzing for total solids and subtracting total dissolved solids.
Field investigation of suspended sediment transport study in the Kandla creek, Gujarat, India
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
D. Nandhini, J. Sriganesh, K. Murali, V. Sundar
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) are the undissolved particles that are oscillating/floating in the flowing water. Due to the effect of the tidal current and variation in the creek discharge, the suspended solid concentration may vary. Therefore, the water samples from the 7 different locations (TSS1 to TSS7) were collected manually and the sampling locations are shown in Figure 9. Kandla creek zone is represented by three samples TSS1, TSS2 and TSS3. Further, TSS4 belongs to the mouth of the creek and the remaining three samples, TSS5 to TSS7, fall under the GoK zone. A total of three samples (near the free surface, mid-depth and near bed level) were collected at each location based on the water depth in order to determine the varying TSS concentration in the total water column. The water sampling location details and coordinates are listed in Table 4. The well-mixed measured volume of water samples was filtered through pre-weighed glass fiber filters. Then, the filter paper was dried overnight at about 105°C and weighed. The difference in the mass of dried filter paper after filtration and dry filter paper before use is the mass of suspended solids in the collected water samples. The estimated TSS values from the water sample analysis for the three seasons are illustrated in the unit of Parts Per Million (PPM) in Figure 10.
Application of stormwater mass–volume curve prediction for water quality-based real-time control in sewer systems
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2019
Duy Khiem Ly, Thibaud Maruéjouls, Guillaume Binet, Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski
The total suspended solids (TSS) concentration is used as the quality state variable for control since it is one of the primary sources of pollutant transfer within sewer pipes (Chebbo et al. 1995). TSS indicates the amount of suspended solids (SS) in wastewater, which presents a surface for pollutant adsorption and consists mainly of organic matter. Specifically during wet weather, SS is reported to amount up to 80% total mass of sediments and regarded as the main vector for numerous pollutants such as BOD, COD, heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons (Bertrand-Krajewski, Briat, and Scrivener 1993).
Diurnal patterns of micropollutants concentrations in domestic greywater
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2018
Yuval Alfiya, Yael Dubowski, Eran Friedler
TSS were measured gravimetrically (method 2540D; APHA, 2005). TOC and TN were measured using total organic carbon analyzer–TOC-V CPH equipped with total nitrogen measuring unit – TNM-1 (Shimadzu, Japan). pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured using Cyberscan pH510 and CON450 meters, respectively (EUTECH instruments, TermoFisher scientific, Germany).