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Design Strategies and Planning for Fire and Life Safety in Delhi Metro
Published in S.P. Kaushish, T. Ramamurthy, Tunnelling Asia’2000, 2020
Tunnel ventilation will be designed using a Subway Environment Simulation (SES) computer programme. This will be in accordance with the Subway Environmental Design Handbook. The SES computer programme version 4 will be used to model the subway environment. The computer simulation programme will model the tunnel sections and all the stations as well as train performance and civil design data to aid in the design and verify the adequacy of all systems during normal, congested as well as emergency conditions. The different types of fire models will be simulated to arrive at the correct design of the ventilation system. The train fire load will be assumed as 20 MW. The small fire load in the station area will be taken as 1 MW. The heat release and smoke release rates including the smoke visibility criteria will be derived as per the guidelines of NFPA-130. The performance of the ventilation and smoke extraction system will be validated using Computational Fluid Design(CFD) techniques.
Planning for shield driven double track subway tunnel of box shape
Published in T. Adachi, K. Tateyama, M. Kimura, Modern Tunneling Science and Technology, 2020
H. Nakamura, M. Furukawa, N. Yamaguchi, S. Mizota
The construction of subways is subject to various restrictions due to the fact that they use the space beneath streets, which is public space. At Rokujizo Station, the terminal station on the Kyoto Municipal Subway Tozai Line, the problem was how to shorten the length of cut-and-cover excavation for the station and crossover sections which total 360m. Considering the street width (15m), the required depth of cover (equal to or greater than the outside diameter of the tunnel), and large underground buried structures, a shield driven tunnel of double track cross section of rectangular shape, which is more advantageous than one of multiple circular shape or circular shape, was adopted.
Subway travel risk evaluation during flood events based on smart card data
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2022
Dianchen Sun, Huimin Wang, Upmanu Lall, Jing Huang, Gaofeng Liu
Subways, the most common type of urban railway system, are becoming increasingly essential in transportation networks (Nan et al. 2019). Because of the environmental friendliness, efficiency, and comfort of subways, they have become primary means of transportation in many metropolitan regions (Zhang et al. 2016). The overland flow induced by rainfall creates road and traffic congestion, although the travel demand of urban residents is largely unaffected by the weather. As a key piece of subsurface engineering, subways play vital roles in alleviating urban traffic congestion. Subways are the best means of travel for residents to avoid congestion in flooding events; however, residents face greater flood risk when using the subway. We found that authorities in charge of transportation systems and urban planners around the world lack consideration of flood risk in their subway travel systems.