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Theoretical framework of life cycle design of the submerged floating tunnel
Published in Hiroshi Yokota, Dan M. Frangopol, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Life-Cycle Sustainability and Innovations, 2021
The submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has the advantages of short distance, little impact on the surrounding environment and low average cost when crossing the long deep water straits. It is considered to be the most potential competitive new structure of transportation through deep water channels or straits (Xiang & Xue, 2002). At present, the research on the SFT in the world mainly focuses on the exploration of static, dynamic and seismic response analysis theory. The author etc. summarized the development and state-of-the-art on the SFT in design and construction and pointed out the confronting problems and challenges in the literature (Xiang et al. 2016), and discussed the study progress on dynamic theory methods of SFT (Xiang & Yang 2016). The risk that the SFT may face in design, operation and management is also analyzed (Xiang et al.2010).
Research on Simulation of Traffic Loads in Submerged Floating Tunnel
Published in Nigel Powers, Dan M. Frangopol, Riadh Al-Mahaidi, Colin Caprani, Maintenance, Safety, Risk, Management and Life-Cycle Performance of Bridges, 2018
B. Jiang, S. Wu, B. Liang, L. Chen
Submerged Floating Tunnel (SFT) has several advantages, like shorter length, better economy, more friendly environment (Xiang et al. 2016), compared with other traditional waterway crossing structure (such as suspension bridge, tunnel, etc.), which has attracted more and more academic and social attention in recent years. In the related researches of SFT, the internal traffic load must be taken into account as well as the reasonable form of traffic load simulation. Concerning the simulation method of SFT’s internal traffic load, several related researches has been conducted already by the domestic and foreign scholars. Perotti et al. (2010) proposed that the simulation method of SFT can take references from the bridge traffic researches, because the SFT structure is similar to the closed underwater bridge and the studies of bridge traffic load is relatively mature. Martire (2010) used the constant uniform load to simulate the traffic load in SFT, according to the European standard (Env 1991–3, traffic loads on bridges) method in the study of bridge traffic load. Tariverdilo et al. (2011) simulated the traffic load in SFT as moving concentrated load along the tube longitudinal direction, on the basis of the simulation to study the dynamic response of SFT; Dong et al. (2016) simplified the traffic load in SFT as a series of equidistant and concentrated load, then studied the influence on SFT’s dynamic response from the tension leg vertical stiffness, the value of traffic load and the vehicular gap; In the existing studies, the internal traffic load of SFT mainly simulated as uniform load or concentrated load, but the dynamic properties of traffic load are not fully considered.
Analysis of dynamic response of shore connection segment of submerged floating according to shore design
Published in Joan-Ramon Casas, Dan M. Frangopol, Jose Turmo, Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 2022
S.J. Kang, J. Kim, J. Park, G.C. Cho
Nowadays, the submerged floating tunnel (SFT) has been widely researched due to the increasing demand for the water-crossing infrastructures and proposed as an alternative of other water-crossing methods such as bridge, airplane, and ship because it is slightly affected by weather.
Semi-analytical solutions for seismic responses of tunnel tube in pier-supported submerged floating tunnel under vertical excitation
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Renfei He, Yong Yuan, Zexu Fan, Chong Li, Weiguo He
A submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is a new type of tunnel structure that crosses straits, bays, lakes, and other deep-water areas. It basically consists of a tunnel tube that floats in water with an anchoring system. The SFT concept was originally presented by Sir James Reed (UK) in 1886 and subsequently by Trygve Olsen Dale (Norway) in 1924. In the late 1960s, a series of minor research projects rekindled the interest of scientists from Italy, Japan, and Norway on SFTs (Østlid 2010). Compared with traditional structures, the SFT has a number of potential advantages (Tveit 2000; Østlid 2010; Long et al. 2015). For example, (1) the tunnel tube in an SFT floats below the water surface, which is not only beneficial for waterway traffic, but also preserves the landscape of the water area because it is inconspicuous. (2) An SFT is constructed at a certain water depth; hence, it is less influenced by wave loads, severe weather, and geological conditions of the water bottom. (3) Different from a suspension bridge whose cost grows exponentially with its span, the cost of an SFT is proportional to its length. (4) Compared with an immersed tube tunnel, the SFT has a gentle gradient, which can save more energy and cause less pollution. Therefore, over the past 20 years, SFT has gained increasing attention from researchers and engineers.
Experimental investigation and analysis for hydrodynamic behaviours and progressive collapse phenomenon of submerged floating tunnel under anchor cables’ breakage
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2022
Zhiwen Wu, Shuai Yang, Liang Tang, Huihuan Ma, Liwang Mou, Yangyang Xiao
Submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an innovative structure for transportation in long and deep-strait regions. A typical SFT system is mainly composed of the underwater tube body, a series of inclined anchor cables for limiting the deformations of the tube, the deep-water foundations and the offshore revetment structures (Wu et al. 2018; Xiang et al. 2020). The safety and stability of the SFT are extremely vital for the normal operation. In deep seas, due to complex marine environmental excitations, such as ocean waves, currents, earthquakes, etc., the risk of fatigue damage becomes severe for the SFT, which could increase the probability of structural failure. Thus, it is necessary to assess the safety of the SFT under complex environmental excitations during its service life. At present, research studies on the SFT aim chiefly at the dynamic behaviours of the SFT under various loadings, for example, sea wave-current (Seo et al. 2015a; Jin et al. 2020), traffic load (Lin et al. 2018), oceanic earthquake (Mirzapour et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2018), impact load (Xiang and Yang 2017) and explosion load (Seo et al. 2015b; Luo et al. 2020).