China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Published in R. Kurt Barnhart, Douglas M. Marshall, Eric J. Shappee, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2021
It is inherent in the field of aircraft design that the less weight required for the structure of the aircraft, the more payload it can carry. Advances in structural materials will focus, in large part, on composite technology and will no doubt become lighter, more durable, and easier to manufacture, maintain, and repair. Costs for these advanced materials are sure to escalate accordingly; however, the prices for current composite materials may correspondingly go down. Some current limitations of composite aircraft structures include a lack of long-term structural integrity, especially when exposed to abnormal conditions such as in a contaminated or caustic environment. However, advances in nondestructive testing (NDT) technology are working to reduce this limitation. One recent advance in composites technology, which will continue to enhance fabricators’ ability to use composite material in more intricate and cost-effective ways, is resin infusion molding (RIM) technology, a technology that allows parts to be fabricated without the use of an autoclave – something that is often prohibitively expensive for smaller fabrication shops. Also, thin-ply tape technology now makes it easier to fabricate complex parts with intricate shapes and curves (see Figure 20.5).
Some considerations on testing and experimental simulation of seismic behaviour of masonry walls and buildings
Published in Claudio Modena, F. da Porto, M.R. Valluzzi, Brick and Block Masonry, 2016
Masonry is composite structural material, aimed at carrying compressive loads, and not tension and shear forces which develop in structural elements when subjected to seismic ground motion. When failing in shear, masonry walls behave in a brittle manner. To improve the behaviour, steel reinforcement is added vertically and horizontally in appropriate way. Various reinforced masonry construction systems exist, like reinforced grouted masonry on the one hand and hollow unit reinforced masonry, on the other. However, despite significant differences in the construction technology and resulting behaviour, general design equations, developed for reinforced concrete, are recommended to be used also for masonry. To verify the validity of equations for the case of the hollow unit masonry, where vertical reinforcement is placed in the holes and grouted whereas horizontal reinforcement is placed in the mortar in bed joints, a number of walls, reinforced with varying amounts of steel, have been tested in the laboratory.
The Future of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Published in Douglas M. Marshall, R. Kurt Barnhart, Eric Shappee, Michael Most, Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 2016
It is inherent in the field of aircraft design that the less weight required for the structure of the aircraft, the more payload it can carry. Advances in structural materials will focus in large part on composite technology and will no doubt become lighter and more durable, as well as easier to manufacture, maintain, and repair. Costs for these advanced materials are sure to escalate accordingly; however, the prices for current composite materials may correspondingly go down. Some current limitations of composite aircraft structures include assurance of long-term structural integrity, especially when exposed to abnormal conditions such as in a contaminated/caustic environment, etc. However, advances in nondestructive testing (NDT) technology are offsetting this limitation. One recent advance in composites technology, which will continue to enhance the fabricators’ ability to use composite material in more intricate and cost-effective ways, is resin infusion molding (RIM) technology, a technology that allows for parts to be fabricated without the use of an autoclave—something that is often prohibitively expensive for smaller fabrication shops. Also, thin-ply tape technology now allows for ease in the fabrication of complex parts with intricate shapes and curves (see Figure 17.6).
Experimental Studies on Durability and Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete using POFA and SCBA hybridization
Published in Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, 2022
Chandrasekhar Reddy K, Ramya N
The most widely used structural material is concrete and remains popular and inexpensive today. Its success is due to many aspects, including its versatility, flexibility, and machinability, and its economy. Concrete has high compressive strength, workability, and reliability but a very limited elastic modulus. Standard concrete may result in honeycombs with insufficient lending consolidation in thin areas or heavily reinforced areas, risking the strength and longevity of the structural component (Taha et al. 2020). It is crucial to enhance concrete performance as strongly as possible. Cement production has increased annually and usage in the construction process in the past few years. Concrete exhibits, aggregates, and water have evolved into a building material with various new constituent elements to meet multiple construction sector requirements (Rasouli, Broujerdian, and Kazemnadi 2020). The majority of the world’s wastage does not go through the recycling process. Moreover, waste growth and disposal impose a significant risk to the environment. While producing concrete with waste material eliminates storage issues, it also contributes desirable qualities. Wastage ash particles are an essential pozzolan used in concrete works worldwide nowadays. Utilising waste and reducing cement in concrete can be designed to have the desired level of workability, higher strength, and excellent durability properties than conventional concrete (Islam et al. 2022).
Latest trends for structural steel protection by using intumescent fire protective coatings: a review
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Muhammad Yasir, Faiz Ahmad, Puteri Sri Melor Megat Yusoff, Sami Ullah, Maude Jimenez
The integrity of structural materials is very important for safety of human and assets. Steel is very attractive for construction industry due to its high strength and load bearing capability. However, in the event of fire, the temperature of unprotected steel rises to 800–900°C within 10 min [9,10,247]. After 450°C, the loading bearing capabilities starts decreasing and structure will collapse within 45 min resulting loss of precious lives and assets. In the market, several protection systems are available and there are several limitations associated with these products which restrict their application in structural protection. In the case of polymer-based structures, they start charring and carry no strength thus it becomes unsafe structure for living. The delay in fire controlling authority may cause loss of human and asset [251,252].
Performance evaluation of dispersed basalt fiber on strength of lightweight expanded clay concrete
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Paschal Chimeremeze Chiadighikaobi, Dafe Aniekan Emiri, Mohamed Ibrahim Abu Mahadi, Kebba Camara, Foud Adnan Noman Abdullah Al-shaibani, Majeed M. Haidar, Lina Abass Saad
Concrete is the most widely used structural material in civil engineering. Some remarkable mechanical properties of concrete are its high and good durability. However, concrete has a high dead weight, low tensile strength, poor toughness, low fracture energy, and poor impact resistance (Gong et al., 2002; Xu & Li, 2008; Xu et al., 2007). Reinforced concrete (RC) and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) are two of the most common building materials. Composite concrete contains fibers like steel fiber (SF), carbon fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF), BF, synthetic fiber, and plant fiber (Sun, 2013).