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Offshore Production
Published in Sukumar Laik, Offshore Petroleum Drilling and Production, 2018
Steel catenary riser (SCR) is a cost-effective alternative for oil and gas export and for water injection lines on deepwater fields, where the large diameter flexible risers present technical and economic limitations. Centenary riser (Figure 6.35) is a free hanging riser with no intermediate buoys or floating devices. A typical profile of an SCR is shown in Figure 6.39. The SCRs are designed by analysis in accordance with the API codes (API RP 1111 and API RP 2RD) or the DNV codes. For detail designing and so on, Reference 7 may be cited.
Experimental study of axial load of coiled tubing in a steel catenary riser under force excitation
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2021
Wenming Wang, Minghao Xiong, Yi Hao, Yingchun Chen, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Chunmeng Wang
The steel catenary riser (SCR) commonly is installed in the deepwater and connects subsea pipelines to an oil production platform for the transmission of fluids like oil, gas, and injection water (Wang et al. 2014). It is a prior and reliable structural component in the offshore engineering. Compared to the flexible riser or the top tension riser, the SCR is more reliable and cost-efficient such as low-cost, top tension without compensation, a large containment for float drifts and heave movements. It can dramatically reduce the amount and difficulty of underwater construction. Consequently, it has become popular in the offshore industry. However, due to the long-term transport, the SCR can usually induce wax attached to the inner wall of the pipe, decreasing transport efficiency of the pipeline’s fluid. In order to improve transport efficiency, the traditional method using the pipeline inspection gauges (PIG) is selected to remove the wax debris and inspect the pipeline’s flaw simultaneously. Nevertheless, if the PIG suffers too much resistance from the wax, it would stick in the SCR, and then induce an accident (Wang et al. 2019). Therefore, a novel method that the PIG is installed on a coiled tubing (CT) and then is injected into the riser, is proposed to accomplish the pigging and inspection operation as shown in Figure 1 (Chen et al. 2018).
Numerical analysis of pipe–soil interaction between SCR and nonlinear seabed based on co-rotational approach
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2023
Shujiang Wang, Jijun Gu, Leilei Chen, Jichuan Jia, Jun Huang, Lei Gao
Deepwater risers, mooring lines, and other flexible components play an important role in the field of offshore engineering, and among the many forms of riser structures, the general form is the steel catenary riser structure (SCR) with a large length-to-slenderness ratio (Zhao et al. 2021). Notably, the settlement downward of SCR occurs under the coupled action of submerged weight and external loads, which causes the riser section penetrate into the seabed, and the long-term cyclic action of nonlinear pipe–soil interaction affects the fatigue life of the riser in the touchdown zone.