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4E-analysis of sustainable hybrid tri-generation system
Published in Anoop Kumar Shukla, Onkar Singh, Meeta Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Phanden, J. Paulo Davim, Hybrid Power Cycle Arrangements for Lower Emissions, 2022
Meisam Sadi, Ahmad Arabkoohsar
The main scope of exergy analysis would be to find components with a high share of exergy destruction. This issue is useful to achieve a better operational design. The exergy of the MSW is about 178.25 MW and MSW produces 114.5 MW heat in the waste incinerator unit. From this amount of heat, 85.15 MW is used in the steam generator of the power plant and the other part of energy in the form of flue gas moves out the plant. In the middle of the way, 13 MW of energy is extracted from the flue gas and is used as the source of heating in the heat exchanger. The energy delivered into the steam generator is first used in the turbine to produce the electricity which is about 20 MW. Then the extra energy of the working fluid is removed out in the condenser and delivered to the heat exchanger supporting the district heating and absorption unit. Table 10.7 shows the exergy destruction of each component. Based on the table, the waste incinerator unit is the key source of exergy destruction, contributing 49.6%. The high exergy destruction in the incinerator is due to the partial combustion and the chemical reactions. Combustion processes, in general, have the most top exergy destruction due to their irreversible nature.
Nuclear Power Technologies through Year 2035
Published in D. Yogi Goswami, Frank Kreith, Energy Conversion, 2017
Kenneth D. Kok, Edwin A. Harvego
The pressurized water at 315°C is circulated to the steam generators. The steam generator is a tube and shell type of heat exchanger with the heated high pressure water circulating through the tubes. The steam generator isolates the radioactive reactor cooling water from the steam which turns the turbine generator. Water enters the steam generator shell side and is boiled to produce steam which is used to turn the turbine generator producing electricity. The pressure vessel containing the reactor core and the steam generators are located in the reactor containment structure. The steam leaving the turbine is condensed in a condenser and returned to the steam generator. The condenser cooling water is circulated to cooling towers where it is cooled by evaporation. The cooling towers are often pictured as an identifying feature of a nuclear power plant.
Fossil Fuel Fired Large-Size Steam Generators
Published in Maurizio Cumo, Antonio Naviglio, Thermal Hydraulic Design of Components for Steam Generation Plants, 1991
The “large-size” steam generators are defined as the main steam generators installed in fossil fueled thermal electric power plants or in large industrial plants devoted to a mixed production of electric power and technologic steam. The wide range of modern steam generators for an electric power plant is from 75 to 1300 MW. The industrial plants only use steam generators having lower power, from 50 MW to 160 MW. The need to realize the large-size steam generator has been due to the wish to lower the cost of electric power. In fact, with the increase of the total power required for a power plant, it has been found to be less costly to build up the same with a few large units than with a lot of small units, because of the less total dimension and exposed surface. Furthermore, the large-size steam generators allow for the achievement of higher efficiencies, from 94 to 95%.
Innovative configuration of a hybrid nuclear-parabolic trough solar power plant
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2018
In order to establish a reference plant, a regular NPP is defined. It incorporates a PWR. This is the most common type, with over 250 in use for power generation and several hundred more employed for naval propulsion. PWRs use ordinary water as both coolant and moderator. The primary coolant (water) is pumped under high pressure to the reactor core where it is heated by the energy generated by the fission of atoms. The heated water then flows to a steam generator where it transfers its thermal energy to a secondary circuit where steam is generated and flows to turbines that, in turn, spin an electric generator. In large power plants, the primary circuit consists of separately located reactor pressure vessel (RPV), steam generators, pumps and pressuriser along with connecting pipes.
Development of three-dimensional simulation method for two-phase flow in square-pitch tube bundle in secondary side of steam generators based on porous drift-flux model
Published in Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2023
Yoshiteru Komuro, Atsushi Kodama, Naotaka Uchimichi, Yoshiyuki Kondo, Tomonori Mineno, Kengo Shimamura, Takashi Hibiki
A steam generator in a nuclear power plant is a shell-and-tube vertical U-shaped heat exchanger that generates steam using thermal energy from the reactor core. The heat of the primary fluid passing through the reactor core is transferred through the heat transfer tube wall to the secondary fluid in the steam generator. The primary fluid flows inside heat transfer tubes in a steam generator, and the secondary fluid flows outside tubes. The secondary fluid is single-phase sub-cooled water at the inlet of the steam generator. The flow is converted into a steam-water boiling two-phase mixture by receiving the heat from the primary fluid. The secondary fluid becomes almost single-phase steam at the outlet of the steam generator, and the steam rotates the turbine for power generation.
Effect of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Tribological Properties of WC-12Co-Reinforced Ni-Based Coating
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2022
Nankai He, Jin Xiao, Xiubo Chen, Shengguo Zhou
The main steam safety valve provides overpressure protection for a steam generator and main steam pipeline, which plays a vital role in the safe operation of nuclear power plants (1, 2). However, due to severe wear caused by the vibration of the pipeline at high temperature, leakage is occasionally discovered between the valve core and valve seat, which can result in a loose seal (3). Once the leakage expands, it can cause enormous economic loss and threaten the safe and stable operation of the unit (4). Therefore, developing a coating with an excellent tribological property is significant to the steam safety valve (5).