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Erosion
Published in Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger, Mining and the Environment, 2019
Karlheinz Spitz, John Trudinger
The choice of erosion and sediment controls, particularly the design of retention basins, depends on the consequences of failure. It is important to understand the quality and significance of waters receiving eroded material, from the perspectives of safety, community use, economic value, and environmental value. Where failure will not endanger life and will not cause significant economic or environmental damage, controls may be established according to standard engineering practices. If failure potentially leads to loss of life or to significant environmental damage, retention basins should be designed more conservatively in order to withstand the ‘Probable Maximum Rainfall Event’. Erosion and sediment controls should be assessed for economic and environmental feasibility, considering all costs, including those of environmental impacts and the costs of ongoing, long-term maintenance.
Best Management Practices as an Alternative Approach for Urban Flood Control
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Retention basins are artificial lakes or ponds that maintain a permanent water supply that fluctuates in response to rainfall and stormwater inputs. While the relatively impermeable soils of the pond prevent significant stormwater volume reduction or groundwater recharge, wet ponds reduce runoff peaks by detaining stormwater in the pond space above the permanently retained pool. Forebays near the stormwater entrance filter heavier sediment and prolong effective pond life. Accumulated stormwater is released through openings in the outlet system. An emergency spillway releases volume accumulations that exceed storage capacity during intense or prolonged rain events.
Stormwater Runoff Control: An Operational Difficulty for Aboveground Industrial Waste Landfill
Published in John M. Bell, Proceedings of the 43rd Industrial Waste Conference May 10, 11, 12, 1988, 1989
G. Selvakumar, Michael S. Quinn
The retention basin will have an equivalent capacity of a 172 foot by 172 foot by 4 foot deep basin in order to contain a 2-day/100-year precipitation event with an additional minimum freeboard of one foot. The stormwater control system described above will be utilized until the closure of Cell No. 3 is initiated.
Flood risk management strategies for national capital territory of Delhi, India
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2019
Mukesh Kumar, Mohammed Sharif, Sirajuddin Ahmed
Swelling of Yamuna beyond a particular level will render the embankments useless. The low lying areas like East Delhi and North Delhi are at risk even during moderate floods. Hence, during high foods, river water may be diverted to Bawana Escape and Bhalaswa Lake. These water bodies should be used for recreational purpose for ensuring regular maintenance and to prevent them from becoming solid waste dumping and mosquito breeding grounds. The capacity of these water bodies needs to be increased through dredging. Adequate number of retention basins should be constructed in the reach upstream of Wazirabad Barrage. The method of diverting flood water in retention basins has been successfully used in other parts of the world. For example, the flood water from Yangtze River is diverted to retention basins when the flood level exceeds a pre-defined critical stage. Providing retention basins facilitate conservation of flood water as well as attenuate flood peaks. Preliminary calculations indicate that for dampening a 1400 cumec peak of 8-h duration, around 20 km2 area with 2 m inundation depth is required.
Degradation kinetics and COD fractioning of agricultural wastewaters from biogas plants applying biofilm respirometry
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Michael Cramer, Patrick Schelhorn, Ulrich Kotzbauer, Jens Tränckner
A central aim of the EU Water Framework Directive, 2000, is to achieve a ‘good ecologic quality’ in water bodies. Meanwhile, the second reporting period is underway and is still aimed at improving the physical–chemical status of surface waters [1]. In rural areas, an intensified reduction of emissions from diffusely scattered point sources is now intended by the environmental authorities. Besides small domestic wastewater-treatment-plants without nutrient removal [2], a focus is envisaged on stormwater runoff from farms and silo plant pollutions. Especially large impermeable surfaces of open silos storing biomass for fodder and biogas production are heavily loaded with organics due to material losses during the transportation and contamination by silage effluent [3]. Depending on the respective facility and the season, different substrates are stored in a silo. Stormwater runoff can be predominantly polluted with a single substrate or a mixture of different substrates and silage effluent. The silage effluent is evoked by lactic acid fermentation due to the exclusion of oxygen during storage [4] and it contains high amounts of organics and nutrients [5,6]. At a closed silo, this silage effluent can be energetically used for biogas production [7,8]. However, as soon as a silo is opened and operated, the silage effluent and material losses lead to a highly polluted surface. In rainfall events, these surface pollutions are washed off. Current state of the art is to store this stormwater runoff in rainwater retention basins. In the best practice case, this runoff is applied to the agricultural land. But there are still facilities where this effluent is discharged untreated [3].
Integrative technology hubs for urban food-energy-water nexuses and cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs (I): Global trend and technology metrics
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Ni-Bin Chang, Uzzal Hossain, Andrea Valencia, Jiangxiao Qiu, Qipeng P. Zheng, Lixing Gu, Mengnan Chen, Jia-Wei Lu, Ana Pires, Chelsea Kaandorp, Edo Abraham, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Nick van de Giesen, Bruno Molle, Severine Tomas, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Deborah Dotta, Rémi Declercq, Martin Perrin, Léon Conradi, Geoffrey Molle
Retention basin (SW1-RB). Retention basins are recessed areas within the landscape. They are designed for storage and retention of runoff volume to enable infiltration to the groundwater through permeable soils. Dry retention basin is an effective technique for flood control and water quality management. The adoption of retention basins as a network can optimize 20% cost savings compared to a single system (Travis & Mays, 2008). Descriptions of other point-based LID technologies such as wet detention pond (SW2-WDP), vegetated natural buffers (SW3-VNB), biofiltration systems (SW4-B), and rainfall interceptor trees (SW5-RI) are given in Supplementary Information (S1.2).