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Early Uses and Development
Published in Frank Porter, Zinc Handbook, 1991
Forty years ago dustbins, water tanks, buckets and other items of holloware were a substantial proportion of the jobbing galvanizers' work. Although these are still significant, galvanizing is now specified more and more frequently for the protection of structural steel used in major engineering projects such as railway electrification, electric power transmission pylons and radio and television towers.
An analysis of the influence of affordable housing system on price
Published in Dawei Zheng, Industrial, Mechanical and Manufacturing Science, 2015
Single-phase traction power supply will inevitably produce negative and unbalanced. Different wiring types of the traction transformer makes power supply voltage drop to 27.5kV or 55kV, then through the catenary sends current to electric locomotive. ction transformer have different negative sequence characteristics. Xuzhou Railway Electrification and the Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Shanghai line and the upcoming commissioning of the East Long Hai railway electrification (Xuzhou-Lianyungang) all use impedance matching Balance Traction Transformer. In contrast, the performance of its negative sequence is better. Even so, there are still negative sequence currents. If two power arms load balancing, then there is no negative sequence current. However, the actual situation is not so. The loading of two power arms tend to be independent and unrelated. Although the railway sector by adjusting operational plans to achieve the purposes as much as possible that the load of the two arms are balance, but cannot do the same moment. However, there is no way to make the same all the time. In particular, one arm no load current, the same size as the positive sequence current and the negative sequence current. For example, in July to September 2006, when the Beijing-Shanghai railway electrification was put into use, but the Long hai railway electrification has not been used. Xuzhou North Station an arm pulling operation, fortunately, in two months, the negative sequence current is always the same with the positive sequence current. Since the early commissioning of Beijing-Shanghai railway electrification load is not big, so there is no impact.
Integrated evaluation of energy system in Sri Lanka: a multidimensional sustainability perspective
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2022
Konara Mudiyanselage Gayani Kaushalya Konara, Akihiro Tokai
Diminishing quality of public transportation has caused a rapid increase in demand for private vehicle is rapidly changing (with 135% increase in the last decade) dominated by motorcycles and three-wheelers (Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 2014). Further statistics show buses which contribute to 56.9% of the share of passenger km only represent 2% of the active fleet wherein various types of private vehicles account for the rest of 98%. Giannakis et al. (2020) point out land transport as one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonise, thus low-carbon technologies need to be more economically attractive. Some of the initiatives suggested by the Sri Lankan government to move towards cleaner energy with less emissions in transport sector includes encouraging alternative fuels such as electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and biofuels; enhance fuel quality standards; establishing fuel quality testing laboratories and railway electrification (Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy 2014).