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Concrete substructure quantity take-off including foundations and slab-on-grade
Published in Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger, Construction Cost Estimating, 2021
Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger
The quantity take-off sheet is the form that will be used to quantify all work scopes and is organized to provide a consistent format for quantity survey activities. Estimators should use consistent and professional QTO sheets and not record quantities on the drawings or on yellow notepads. The QTO sheet, as shown in Figure 6.1, is organized as follows: The title information at the top showing the project name and location, classification of the work being quantified, estimator’s name, date, and sheet number.The left hand portion of the sheet indicates the location or description of the work being quantified, for instance, ‘type’ of footings or grid lines or floors or levels. It is here that the estimator can refer to sections and/or details from which the work was quantified.Adjacent to the description are the columns where quantities and dimensions of the work being quantified are noted. It is important to note that dimensions are recorded with significant digits in mind, such as: 157′, 10.5′, and 1.25′.The remaining columns calculate materials and scopes that have been extended from counts and dimensions taken from the drawings. Quantities in these columns should be noted as whole numbers using accepted rounding protocols, as well.
Location-based planning and controlling methods
Published in Lincoln H. Forbes, Syed M. Ahmed, Lean Project Delivery and Integrated Practices in Modern Construction, 2020
The work content of a task or wagon is often based on quantities or work densities. The quantities can be defined physically by performing a quantity take-off for each location. This can be automated by using BIM-based quantity take-off systems. Alternatively work densities can be defined in manhours for each location. Regardless of whether quantities or manhours are used as a starting point, the schedule calculations are based on manhours in the end by multiplying the quantities by a labor consumption (manhours/unit).
Principles and rules of taking-off
Published in Caroline T. W. Chan, Estimating and Measurement for Simple Building Works in Hong Kong, 2020
Quantity take-off is an essential skill as measurement of work is not only required during the tender stage for BQ preparation, but also during the contract period for materials ordering, preparation of interim valuations and final accounts. Both the QS consultant and the contractor's QS have to perform quantity take-off frequently throughout the project period.
BIM for sustainable project delivery: review paper and future development areas
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Rana Ayman, Zaid Alwan, Lesley McIntyre
Representation and information generation are considered a significant asset for stakeholders, as it saves time and effort using parametric and database storage features for designing and planning documents (Turk 2016). Digital representation technologies are adopted to serve solutions that improve collaboration and productivity. Representation of building components in 3D form, rapid generation of design and design alternatives, automated generation of drawings and information required, integrity of model and traceability of information changes, rapid evaluation of design alternatives, and object-based exchange are all technical functionalities which caused extensive transformation in the development of AEC practices (Arunkumar, Suveetha, & Ramesh, 2018). In the context of sustainability delivery, parametric features, remodelling and realistic visualization functionalities are widely covered in the literature. Ease of technical execution drawings and quantity take-off for covering for sustainability tasks are hardly covered, while object-based information and specification for documentation of sustainability aspects are not addressed sufficiently in previous studies. This suggests that a better understanding of what needs to be presented and a breakdown of the sustainability information that needs to be generated and built up during design processes is still needed.
Incorporating BIM into the upper-division curriculum of construction engineering and management
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2023
Liyuan Wang, Meiping Huang, Xiaohua Zhang, Xueyuan Yan, Ruoyu Jin, Dariusz Wanatowski, Ali Cheshmehzangi, Navpreet Chohan
This pedagogical study incorporated the collaborative nature of BIM through student group works. In the group of full BIM applications, students played the role of construction managers/engineers in teamwork by compiling BIM-based technical standards into the final report. Each group member had clearly defined tasks contributing to the project technical report. For example, the individual contribution(s) could be initial modelling from 2D CAD into BIM, quantity take-off, 5D BIM, and virtual rendering. These individual tasks were usually dependent on each other, and each member had to collaborate closely to achieve the joint deliverables. The final assessment of each member was not only based on the individual tasks but also on the overall project outcomes. The collaborative group work assessed not only the software or specific digital skills but also their applications of construction standards (e.g. quantity take-off), communication, teamwork, and presentation of outcomes. In the partial BIM application group focusing on planning/scheduling, students also worked in a team environment by undertaking the roles of construction engineers or managers. They were also asked to perform individual tasks to integrate each other’s work to form the final report, including scheduling documents. These tasks embedded steps and methods of construction site planning and critical activities, which were presented in the BIM-assisted digital platform. Similarly, in the group of BIM partial adoption focusing on the cost estimating, students worked as cost engineers/estimators to establish the bidding documents for the given high-rising building following pricing standards or quotation benchmarks. Students applied their construction cost pricing and control skills, knowledge of establishing construction bidding, and information technologies, including BIM.