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A dynamic optimal model for pavement asset management and PPP projects
Published in Maurizio Crispino, Pavement and Asset Management, 2019
Z. Alyami, D. Mizutani, K. Kaito, S. Tighe
Input conditions are H 480, y 1(month) 1/12(years), and a 60. At this time, time interval of decision making for intervention 2, ay, becomes 5 years, and N 8. The maximum value of the CS is I 5. Thresholds are set as CS¯=5, i.e. crack percentage is 10% or more, and NP¯=5. In actual situation, if a pothole is observed, typically a repair is conducted using cold-laid asphalt mixture etc. However, this example does not consider cost of this temporary repair, and intervention 1 is supposed to be more durable repair (e.g. repair by hot asphalt mixture patching). Costs are assumed that c1 = 1,000(m.u.) for intervention 1 and c2 = 5,000(m.u.) for intervention 2. It is supposed that CS0 = 1.
Distress and Performance
Published in Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi, Pavement Engineering, 2017
Rajib B. Mallick, Tahar El-Korchi
Bowl-shaped holes, with a minimum plan dimension of 150 mm in the pavement surface, are called potholes. There are four main causes of potholes: (1) insufficient thickness of the pavement to support traffic through winter–spring freeze–thaw cycles; (2) poor drainage, leading to accumulation of excess water; (3) failures at utility trenches and castings; and (4) paving defects and unsealed cracks. For a distress survey, the number of potholes and the square meters of affected area are recorded. Severity levels can be reported as low (<25 mm deep), moderate (25 mm < depth <50 mm), or high (>50 mm deep).
A three-dimensional finite element analysis of temperature distribution in hot mix asphalt pothole repair
Published in Andreas Loizos, Imad L. Al-Qadi, A. (Tom) Scarpas, Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, 2017
J. Byzyka, M. Rahman, D.A. Chamberlain
To repair potholes in a durable manner, their causes and depth of distress should be determined and effective proper repair method chosen. Well known pothole repair methods are pothole filling and patching (Lavin, 2003). The repair process includes cutting of the asphalt layers around the pothole perimeter to form an appropriate geometry, cleaning of the pothole area from debris and water, tack coat application for proper bonding between the host and the repair material and fill with new hot mix asphalt. The last step is compaction of the new material which must be executed at no less than 79°C (Hughes, 1989, Commuri & Zaman, 2008, Delgadillo & Bahia, 2008). There may be occasions that cold asphalt mix is chosen as a pothole repair material, however, hot mix asphalt is more preferable due to its greater durability under high traffic loading (Thom, 2008, National Cooperative Highway Research Program et al., 2011).
Laboratory tests and finite element simulations to model thermally induced reflective cracking of composite pavements
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2018
Hoki Ban, Soohyok Im, Yong-Rak Kim, Jong Suk Jung
Roadway performance and distresses at low temperatures have been overlooked in the design of pavement mixtures and structures, even though roadway distresses at low temperature conditions are the major issues in many places including northern U.S. states. Major highways and local roads in those places are subjected to severe low temperature conditions followed by spring thaw. In asphaltic pavements, a number of potholes are created when moisture seeps into the pavement, freezes, expands, and then thaws. As has been well identified, most potholes are initiated due to pavement cracks (by fatigue or thermal) and are exacerbated by low temperatures, as water expands when it freezes to form ice, which results in greater stress on an already cracked road. In this respect, pavement damage and distresses at low temperatures involve extremely complicated processes, which cannot be appropriately identified by merely accounting for past practices and/or empirical observations.
Risk based probabilistic pavement deterioration prediction models for low volume roads
Published in International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2018
Susan Rose, Binu Sara Mathew, Kuncheria P. Isaac, A. S. Abhaya
Potholes are the cavities on road surface which is generally bowl shaped and is caused due to spalling of wide cracks and disintegration of surfacing and subsequently the base material. Models selected to explain pothole progression is given in Equation (3).