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3R Processing for Different Types of Solid Waste Management
Published in Sunil Kumar, Zengqiang Zhang, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, Ronghua Li, Biological Processing of Solid Waste, 2019
The refuse left after the intended consumer use may be discarded for disposal and then dumped at landfills or at any recycling center; all of this material is called post-consumer waste. This covers all sorts of discarded objects, for example, fruit peelings, meat bones, clothes, furniture, paper, electronics, industrial refuse, etc.
Upcycling of waste textiles into regenerated cellulose fibres: impact of pretreatments
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2020
Yibo Ma, Lucas Rosson, Xungai Wang, Nolene Byrne
Owing to several factors including the fast-fashion trend, population growth and prosperity, and the difficulty involved in recycling or adding value to textile waste, landfill and incineration is a common destination for textiles at their perceived end-of-life. In the year 2009/10, approximately 88% of textile and leather waste produced in Australia, amounting to 501,000 tonnes, was sent to landfill with the remainder being either recovered or exported (Australian Bureau of Statistic, 2013). Taking into account the population at the time, each person, on average, was responsible for approximately 22.6 kg of textile and leather waste accumulating in landfills (Australian Bureau of Statistic, 2010, 2013). Whilst recycling in Australia has recently improved, a report saw that 76% of textiles, leather (excluding tyres) and other unclassified wastes were disposed of to landfill in 2016 (Environment & Communications References Committee, 2018; Pickin, Reviewer, Wardle, Cosson, & Trinh, 2017). Textiles have been estimated at contributing to between 4 and 6 per cent of the waste stream around Europe and the USA (Domina & Koch, 1997; US EPA, 2015; Voncina, 2016). Not only does the post-consumer waste pose a significant problem to society, so too does the post-producer waste and the emissions created during all stages of the textile manufacturing process. The post-producer new fibre and fabric wastes contribute a far greater proportion to the solid waste stream than post-consumer fibre waste (Domina & Koch, 1997).
Utilisation of textile wastes for the production of geotextiles designed for erosion protection
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Jan Broda, Stanisława Przybyło, Andrzej Gawłowski, Joanna Grzybowska-Pietras, Ewa Sarna, Monika Rom, Ryszard Laszczak
In addition to post-consumer waste, significant amount of post-industrial waste is generated during textile manufacturing. The waste includes scraps of fibres, yarns and fabrics obtained by spinning, weaving or knitting of textiles, as well as scraps produced by clothing industry. Unlike the post-consumer, post-industrial waste is less diverse and can be easier remade into similar or different products.