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Spillways for high velocities
Published in H.-E. Minor, W.H. Hager, Hydraulics of Stepped Spillways, 2020
Spillways for high heads and consequently for high velocities have suffered from severe cavitation damage. One example is the spillway of Shahid Abbaspour Hydroelectric Plant in Khuzestan, Iran. The first dam on the Karun River which was finished in 1977, is a double curvature arch structure of 200 m height. The initial powerhouse at the toe of the dam was equipped with four turbines with a total capacity of 1000 MW. To meet the demand of peak capacity in the future, an additional underground powerplant downstream of the left abutment was foreseen already in the feasibility studies. The spillway has three bays, each of 18.5 m width, and is equipped with three tainter gates, each 15 m wide and 21.26 m high; it is designed for a maximum discharge of 16,200 m3/s. The specific discharge amounts to 290 m3/s·m. At the foot of the straight spillway chute, a flip-bucket which is curved also in the horizontal plane, throws the water into the river bed. The energy dissipation takes place in a plunge pool.
Hydraulic engineering of dams
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2022
Brian M. Crookston, Sebastien Erpicum
Hydraulic engineering of dams provides modern knowledge on most of the topics of hydraulic engineering related to dams that originates from the huge experience of the Authors in both research and engineering practice. The Authors are well known Swiss experts in the field of dam hydraulics with outstanding experience in laboratory experimentation and analyses, which is reflected in the presentation of information and the tone of the text. The presentation is very attractive since it includes many figures and colour photographs that showcase the technical beauties of water movement. The book, comprising more than 1000 pages, is divided into 11 chapters, each covering standard issues and new topics of hydraulic engineering of dams: introduction, frontal crest overflow, spatial crest overflow, spillway chute, dissipation structures, ski jump and plunge pool, river diversion structures, intakes and outlets, reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves in reservoirs and dam breach.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the scour profile downstream of flip bucket with change in bed material size
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2019
Azin Movahedi, Mohammadreza Kavianpour, Omid Aminoroayaie Yamini
The formation of scour in a plunge pool usually takes place at the location of the impingement of the free falling jet from a ski-jump spillway on the tailwater surface. For many years scour from a free falling jet has become a major concern for the stability of the downstream channel as well as the hydraulic structure itself. According to Almeida Manso (2006), scour is a function of the following:jet type and trajectory length,discharge time series,tailwater pool depth, andImpact resistance of the riverbed including rock characteristics and is mechanical condition.
Impinging pressure and flood discharge atomization in high arch dams with flaring gate piers
Published in Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2022
Chuanming Sheng, Chao Ma, Bin Ma, Jijian Lian, Wenjuan Gou, Fang Liu
As shown in Fig. 9c, the water jets from the surface outlets fly straight into the plunge pool, leading to a huge impinging pressure on the bottom plate. The peak value of impacting pressure occurs in the impacting area of surface spillway jets on the bottom of the plunge pool at the stake number 142 m. The pressure gradient is relatively large on both sides of the peak. Moreover, the impinging pressures at the end of the plunge pool tend to be stable due to the suitable height of the auxiliary weir. The maximum value of impinging pressure is 35.2 m in the original scheme. The length of rainstorm l is 581.4 m, which covers most of the plunge pool and the exit of the flood tunnel, as shown in Fig. 9d.