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Paving ways through swamps and bogs
Published in Maxwell Lay, John Metcalf, Kieran Sharp, Paving Our Ways, 2020
Maxwell Lay, Metcalf John, Sharp Kieran
In another variant of the corduroy road, longitudinal planks were placed on top of the transverse logs to provide a good running surface for wheeled vehicles (Figure 5.4). The method was well-used in Russia and was introduced into Canada in the 1830s.153 In 1835, Darcy Boulton developed Yonge St in Toronto using a version of the method that came to be called a farmers’ railroad and was subsequently widely marketed in North America and Australia. The first plank road in the United States was a 30 km toll road built in 1846 between Syracuse and Oneida Lake in New York State.154 Typically, the method cut logs in half longitudinally. They were then placed in the future wheelpaths with their flat surface uppermost, horizontal and slightly below the ground level. Flat planks were then placed side-by-side transversely across the logs and pounded down until they bore on them. Such roads had a life of about 10 years as the timbers decayed and rotted. Well over a thousand kilometres were constructed in North America but, by 1903, only a few plank roads remained in service.155 Those that remained were mostly in desert areas where rotting was minimal.
Magnitude amplification of flash floods caused by large woody in Keze gully in Jiuzhaigou National Park, China
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2021
Jiangang Chen, Wenrun Liu, Wanyu Zhao, Tianhai Jiang, Zhongfu Zhu, Xiaoqing Chen
In the section of Keze gully with elevations from 2,578 m to 2,710 m, the mean slope is 9.9% and the hydrodynamic conditions gradually decrease. Thus, the LW carried by the flash flood gradually stopped moving and was scattered in this study reach. The river mainly passes along the right side of the depositional fan, and the highway and plank road are at the leading edge of the depositional fan. If a flash flood or debris flow with LW blocks the river, it may silt up Xiajijie Lake, a World Natural Heritage Site, and an outburst flood would impact the safety of Zechawa village, which is located 3200 m downstream of Xiajijie Lake.