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Strategies for Mitigation and Remediation of Asphaltene Deposition
Published in Francisco M. Vargas, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Asphaltene Deposition, 2018
J. Kuang, A. T. Khaleel, J. Yarbrough, P. Pourreau, M. Tavakkoli, F. M. Vargas
The techniques of internal coating have been widely used for corrosion protection, hydraulic improvement, and deposition mitigation in the oil and gas industry (Lauer 2007). The effectiveness of coating on the prevention of paraffin and scale deposition has been investigated extensively. Jorda (1966) proved that smooth and nonparaffinic plastic materials could mitigate paraffin deposition successfully. These internal plastic coatings can not only minimize the area of the rough surfaces which trap paraffin mechanically but also provide insulation to the surface of the pipelines (Lauer 2007). However, the application of internal coatings to prevent asphaltene deposition has not been fully developed because of the complexity of the asphaltene deposition problem. The effectiveness of polymer-based coatings has been experimentally determined to mitigate asphaltene deposition.
Study on paraffin wax degrading ability of Pseudomonas nitroreducens isolated from oil wells of Gujarat, India
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2018
Dolly Dalsukhbhai Patel, Lakshmi Bhaskaran
Paraffin deposition problems are generally controlled by techniques like hot water, mechanical scraping, chemicals and solvents. These techniques are costly and environmentally hazardous. Microbial remediation is an efficient method of removing paraffin wax from oil wells and pipelines and is found to environment friendly and economical. Microbes have the ability to utilize hydrocarbons and is widely distributed. Microorganisms use paraffinic hydrocarbons as their exclusive source of carbon and energy (Tan, 2011) and has been recognized for their ability to digest paraffin wax depositions from oil wells. Examples of paraffinic hydrocarbons degrading bacteria are Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Phenylobacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Gluconobacter, Agrobacterium, Vibrio, Micrococcus, Aeromonas, Beijerinckia, Flavobavterium, Nocardia, Corynebacterium, Spingomonas, Microbacterium, Paracoccus, Burkholderia and many more (Jacques et al., 2007). Use of microbes for the mitigation of paraffin deposition problems is a non hazardous and economically viable approach. The main objective of this study is to isolate microbes required for the mitigation of paraffin deposition problems in the surface flow lines of oil wells.
Polymer blend: a new approach towards flow improvement of crude oil
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2020
Crude oil, basically a form of unprocessed oil, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons containing non-polar n-paraffins and polar components such as asphaltenes and resins (Huang et al. 2011) and other heavy metal may be present in it depending on the geological background (Olutoye 2005). As the temperature decreases, paraffins in the crude crystallize out forming a three dimensional matrix of wax crystals which begin to trap the molecules of liquid hydrocarbon until the oil ceases to flow (Soni and Bharambe 2006; Garcia et al. 1998; Castro, Flores, and Vazquez 2011; Soldi et al. 2007). Thus Paraffin deposition diminishes oil production and its removal from the pipeline is also a high cost issue. Pour point depressants (PPDs) or flow improvers (FIs) are substances which modify the growing pattern of the wax crystals and limit their aggregation and thus enhance the flow even at low temperature. An efficient PPD should be a linear polymer or copolymer having pendant hydrocarbon groups in the polymeric backbone (Kumar 1989). Several polymers have been evaluated as wax crystal modifiers and among them poly(ethylene–co–vinyl–acetate) copolymers are vastly used since they possess good efficiency as crude oil flow modifiers and wax deposition inhibitor (Andre et al. 2001; Shafey et al. 2014). Hemant P. Soni synthesized copolymers of maleic anhydride and esters of n-alkyl alcohols with oleic acid and methacrylic acid and evaluated them as efficient pour point depressants and flow improvers for crude oil from Gandhar oil field, Gujarat, India (Soni and Bharambe 2006). Another study was conducted on Algerian crude oil by D. Djemiat et al where the addition of the copolymer, poly (ethylene–co–vinyl–acetate) containing 12% of vinyl acetate, improved the rheological parameters and hence the flow property of crude oil (Djemiat, Safri, and Benmounah 2017).
Experimental and modeling investigation of using drag reducing agents as the wax depositions inhibitor in a simulated scaled pipeline
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2021
Abuzar Taheri, Moein Nabipour, Bizhan Honarvar, Amin Azdarpour
Measurement of wax deposited thickness on a pipe wall is of great importance to the oil industries. Wax deposition in waxy crude oil production and transportation systems is a major challenge for the economic development of oil fields in cold environments. The paraffin deposition problem can cause a loss of millions of dollars per year worldwide through the enormous cost of prevention and remediation, reduced or deferred production well shut-in, pipeline replacement and/or abandonment, equipment failures, extra horsepower requirements, and increased manpower needs.