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FEM simulation of differential settlement of Wat Krasai, a leaning brick made pagoda on soft ground, in Ayutthaya, Thailand
Published in Renato Lancellotta, Carlo Viggiani, Alessandro Flora, Filomena de Silva, Lucia Mele, Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III, 2022
Although the lower half of the pagoda was covered with new bricks after the restoration work in 2013, new damage has been revealed. The damage of the pagoda is significantly different between the south and north sides, probably owing to the inclination toward the north. There is a gap between the restored base and the main body of the pagoda at the southern hem of the pagoda. Figure 3 shows the width of the gap and the range in which it is generated. In fact, in the six months from August 2019 to February 2020, the gap on the south side expanded from approximately 30 mm to 50 mm. In addition, the range in which it occurred also increased.
Seismic vulnerability assessment methodology for slender masonry structures
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2018
Manjip Shakya, Humberto Varum, Romeu Vicente, Aníbal Costa
Most of the Nepalese Pagoda temples, built as structures reserved for religious or spiritual activities, erected during 14th century, are considered non-engineered constructions that follow very simple rules and construction detailing in respect to seismic resistance requirements and, in some cases, without any concern for seismic action. Many of these architectural and culture heritages valued construction are UNESCO World heritage. The main peculiarities of Pagoda temples in comparison to other traditional masonry structures are their considerable wall thickness, multi-tiered roof, box-type configuration, and considerable plinth section and slenderness ratio (Shakya et al. 2012, 2014b). These structures are constructed using brick masonry and timber members with tiles or metal roof coverings.
The restoration and seismic strengthening of the earthquake-damaged UNESCO heritage palace in Kathmandu
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2019
Devis Sonda, Kit Miyamoto, Sabine Kast, Achyut Khanal
Among the typical historic buildings in Kathmandu Valley are traditional pagoda temples. In the pagoda temples, brick masonry and wood were typically used as construction materials, following a specific building technology. Temple structures reflect high-quality handcrafting and the use of the best materials and workmanship that were available at the time of construction. The same materials and craftsmanship and some of the same technical solutions were used at the beginning of the 20th century to build Gaddi Baithak Palace.
Conservation of urban heritage post-earthquake reconstruction through community involvement: case study of THIMI-issues and lessons learned
Published in Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2023
Kutu Phalcha is one of the most traditional and historical movements located at Bhulankhel Tole-5 in the City. The Construction of this monument is traditional pagoda style and made of Mud, Brick, Stone, and Timber. The Temple is a house in a one-story building, and the roof is of Jhingati. The Kutu Community of Bhulankhel makes it as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11.