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Lignite Surface Mining and Reclamation
Published in M.H. Wong, J.W.C. Wong, A.J.M. Baker, Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands, 2018
Native soils are derived from geologic materials, from overlying glacial till, or from alluvial or aeolian deposits. The Bemaldo (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic paleudalfs) and Freestone (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Gossaquic Paleudalfs) series are representative of the better soils of the upland position (DeMent and Cooney, 1992). These soils are very deep, well drained and moderately well drained soils on uplands. Both have a fine sandy loam surface ranging from 20 to 50 cm thick and a loam or clay loam argillic horizon. They are developing in cross-bedded sands, silts, and clays from the Wilcox group of Eocene age. Soils representative of the alluvial valley position include Roetex c (fine, mixed, thermic, Udertic Haplustoll) and Kaufman c (very fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Typic Pelludert) (Hossner et al., 1992). The Roetex c soil is formed on fine textured alluvium along streams carrying sediments from Permian red beds. The soil ranges from mildly alkaline through moderately alkaline. The Kaufman c soils are extensive and are located on level to gently sloping floodplains of streams draining the Blackland Prairies. They are moderately acid at the surface and calcareous at depths of 60 cm or greater.
Characterizing Hydraulic Properties
Published in Daniel B. Stephens, Andrea J. Kron, Andrea Kron, Vadose Zone Hydrology, 2018
Daniel B. Stephens, Andrea J. Kron, Andrea Kron
Over the past 17 years or so, I, my former students, and more recently my coworkers have conducted extensive field tests with the borehole permeameter, as well as with other field and laboratory permeameters described previously. These case studies, which highlight some of that work, examine the viability of the different solutions for KS, as well as the effects of heterogeneity, temperature, and entrapped air. Native soils tested include sand, loam, and clay. Tests presented here for the sand and silt sites were undertaken for research purposes, whereas the test on the clay was a consulting project.
Leveraging inter-organizational coordination networks for housing climate change adaptation across Rural Alaska
Published in Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2023
Jessica E. Taylor, Cristina Poleacoschi, Aaron Opdyke, Kristen Cetin
All organizations included work at a regional level across rural Alaska on housing services or projects. Thus, we acknowledge that we are missing community-level staff perspectives that are essential, particularly with the need for localized solutions. There are equally as important research needs that exist at a community level that merit further analysis. Future work includes inter-organizational coordination network analysis at a community level to consider the sociocultural factors affecting resource distribution and housing adaptation from climate change. Sociocultural factors include considerations for local community governance and internal cultural dynamics in rural Alaska, which differ from the rest of the United States. Organizations working with Alaska Native communities should consider differences in culture, governance, and perspectives on housing and climate change adaptation. Further, as Federal level funding for climate change adaptation increases, future work at a community level could assess the role of inter-organizational coordination networks in localized resource distribution for housing adaptation from climate change.
Key questions on the evolution and biogeography of New Zealand alpine insects
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2022
Thomas R. Buckley, Robert J. B. Hoare, Richard A. B. Leschen
Climate change is predicted to have impacts on native insect communities (Keegan et al. 2022). Chinn and Chinn (2020) showed that higher elevation invertebrate taxa tracked snow line shifts more closely, whereas lower elevation taxa have shifted by larger amounts. Winterbourn et al. (2008) predicted a loss of suitable habitat for cold-water alpine specialists such as Deleatidium mayflies. In a study of alpine grasshopper distributions, Koot et al. (2022) inferred that some species would have a decrease in the total amount of suitable habitat, whereas others would have an increase. Furthermore, there were both increases and decreases in the number of habitat patches and mean patch size predicted under different scenarios (Koot et al. 2022). These results all demonstrate that responses to climate change are species-specific and reiterate the need for improved understanding of species biology to predict these responses.
Geodiversity and the ‘8Gs’: a response to Gray & Gordon (2020)
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020
Gray and Gordon (2020) equate ‘geodiversity hotspots’ with ‘biodiversity hotspots’. However, the term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ was coined for ecosystem issues where there is species richness, exceptional endemism, and over 70% loss of native flora (Myers, 1988, 1990). Gray and Gordon (2020) state ‘When scientists talk about biodiversity hotspots, species extinction, etc. they are generally referring to the global scale’. This is not correct. In 2019, there were 36 ‘biodiversity hotspots’ scattered around the globe and isolated from each other and, while a biodiversity hotspot can be viewed as globally significant (e.g. loss of Amazonian forests would be viewed as significant), other species-rich regions of the Earth are biologically incomparable. Bétard and Peulvast (2019) complicated the debate by raising the issue of geodiversity hotspots and its application for geoconservation at a regional scale. Biodiversity and geodiversity derive from two completely different concepts and pathways. Biodiversity at regional/local scale results from evolution of species, appropriate habitats and climate. Geodiversity at regional/local scale derives from a multiplicity of different factors (rock types, metamorphic, igneous, and structural history, past and present tectonic setting, relationship to a plate edge, among many other determinants).