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Project management – an overview
Published in Duncan Cartlidge, Construction Project Manager’s Pocket Book, 2020
It is important from the outset that all members of the project team are clear about the scope of the project. It could be defined as ‘the construction of a mixed-use development comprising retail units, commercial space and residential accommodation and associated external works and parking’. However, the scope can be further clarified by defining the ‘what’ of the project as follows: What will you have at the end of the project?What other deliverables could sensibly be carried out at the same time?What (if anything) is specifically excluded from the project?What are the gaps or interaction (if any) with other projects?What is the chance the scope of the project will creep?What assumptions have to be made?What significant difficulties have to be overcome?What specific conditions or constraints have been stipulated by the client?
Local Carbon Reduction Policies
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri, Carbon Reduction:, 2020
Stephen A. Roosa, Arun G. Jhaveri
In a city that is almost entirely “built-out,” meaning that most of the land has been developed, mixed-use developments are commonplace in Cambridge. Many buildings of historical significance, including many churches, the buildings on the Harvard University campus and the venerable City Hall Building with its signature bell and clock tower, have been restored to their former glory. Development in the city includes medium and high-rise buildings. There are also apartments located above commercial businesses that are located at the street and lower levels. Mixed-use developments allow residents to walk to work and nearby amenities. Such developments provide the population density necessary to allow public transit systems to be successful.
Density, Design and Sustainable Residential Development
Published in Steffen Lehmann, Robert Crocker, Designing for Zero Waste, 2013
Alpana Sivam, Sadasivam Karuppannan
Layout and building design are very important aspects of long-term economical sustainability by making maintenance and running costs of infrastructure more sustainable. Layout and design of the buildings could optimize natural lighting and ventilation. Design and density could help maximize the use of land. In any development, 50 per cent of the costs are generally made up of land costs (Sinha, 1982). Therefore, density and land costs are inversely proportionate. The higher the density, the less that land will cost per unit, and this will make any development more feasible and affordable for all groups of people. To create a liveable environment with high density, however, the various design elements need to be considered. Green features related to construction, such as installation of energy-efficient and water-saving devices and use of recyclable and durable construction materials, are important in reducing buildings’ maintenance costs. Access to open space and social facilities for all age groups will increase the use of space and make it more economical. Furthermore, more efficient use of land and space and mixed-use development will improve the economic viability of various projects. Providing accommodation for different income groups can make building projects more economically sustainable, because the cost of services and facilities will be shared and will consequently lead to more revenue for local governments. Resources will be saved for future generations through greater efficiency of public transport and safety for pedestrians. In this way, density and design parameters play an important role in achieving socially and economically sustainable development.
The effects of New Urbanism on public health
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2020
Mixed-use developments bring origin-destination pairs closer, enhancing urban vibrancy, increasing physical activity and promoting the use of active transportation, resulting in improved health outcomes and reduced travel distance, minimizing the need for private automobiles. Frank, Andresen, and Schmid (2004) revealed an association between land use and physical fitness in a study involving the 13 counties of the metropolitan Atlanta region, and concluded that the likelihood of being obese reduces as the mix of land use increases. The study estimated that each additional hour spent in an automobile per day was associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of obesity. Conversely, each additional kilometre walked per day was associated with a 4.8% reduction in the likelihood of obesity.