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Integrated Microalgal Wastewater Remediation and Microalgae Cultivation
Published in Arun Kumar, Jay Shankar Singh, Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation, 2021
The MBBR system involves thousands of polyethylene biofilm carriers which are continuously moving inside an aerated wastewater tank. The polyethylene biofilm carrier operates in a fixed motion, providing a large and protected surface area to facilitate better growth of microorganisms. Moving bed attached microorganisms could be able to degrade organic material very efficiently as compared to Fixed Bed Bio Reactor (FBBR). In comparison to MBR, these systems achieve high density of bacterial populations, which leads to a high rate of biodegradation within the system; resulting in the facilitation of process reliability and ease of operation. Due to minimal maintenance and mobility of biofilms within the system, MBBR could operate in self-maintaining at an optimum level and are also able to respond automatically to load fluctuations. These advantages make the MBBR, a cost effective, flexible and ease of operation wastewater treatment system that is quite suitable for wastewater treatment in current conditions (in terms of volume and characteristics of wastewater); also have the flexibility to expand according to future loads or meet the more strict environmental discharge standards without altering the main design.
Bacterial Biofilm Formation for the Remediation of Environmental Pollutants
Published in Ram Naresh Bharagava, Sandhya Mishra, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh Saratale, Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira, Bioremediation, 2022
Muhsin Jamal, Sayed Muhammad Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Liloma Shah, Sana Raza, Redaina, Muhammad Asif Nawaz, Sidra Pervez
The MBBR is an anoxic or aerobic stage scheme having a freely moving plastic biofilm carrier, which needs aeration or automated mingling for the distribution of carriers through the tank. The procedure comprises a biofilm reactor and a separation unit for the separation of solids and liquids (Ødegaard 2006). MBBRs are capable of treating a variety of wastewaters. The MBBR method meets the same treatment purposes as the activated sludge method, such as denitrification, nitrification and carbon oxidation, but the MBBR uses a much smaller tank as compared to the clarifier-coupled activated sludge system. Multiple reactors are arranged in sequence without having the requirement of return activated sludge pumping or intermediate pumping. Solids and liquids are separated by means of different processes such as dissolved air flotation, sedimentation basins, membrane filters and cloth discs (Ødegaard 2006). The MBBR is the best for treating wastewater in municipal wastewater treatment plants. It has a plastic biofilm carrier. Screens are characteristically connected with one wall of the MBBR and permit treated waste to move to the subsequent treatment stage while freely moving plastic biofilm carriers are retained. MBBRs which are aerobic use different aeration systems for distributing the plastic biofilm carriers and for meeting oxygen necessities. In contrast, MBBRs which are anoxic use mechanical mixers for distributing the plastic biofilm carriers due to the reason that there are no oxygen necessities. Anoxic regions consist of flat wall screens, and aerobic regions consist of cylindrical screens. Coarse bubble diffusers are particularly applied within moving bed reactors (Ødegaard 2006).
Microbial Biofilm in Remediation of Environmental Contaminants from Wastewater
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Pallavi Singh, Akshita Maheshwari, Varsha Dharmesh, Vandana Anand, Jasvinder Kaur, Sonal Srivastava, Satish Kumar Verma, Suchi Srivastava
The MBBR is an intense powerful reactor for wastewater treatment that is targeted for oxidation of carbon as well as for nitrification and denitrification as a single framework or in consolidated frameworks (Gilbert et al., 2014). The working outcomes are fulfilling in both laboratory scale and higher scopes. The limitation of these frameworks is that the carriers or transporters ought to be eliminated so that it will help the reactor parts (Butler and Boltz, 2014).
Bioremediation of dyes: a brief review of bioreactor performance
Published in Environmental Technology Reviews, 2023
Himanshu Tiwari, Ravi Kumar Sonwani, Ram Sharan Singh
MBBR, also popularly known as biofilm-based reclamation technology, allows to grow of biofilm into/onto the surface of the carrier elements, and is floated freely by the moving fluid stream, leading the significant contribution in the field of wastewater treatment [98–100]. The first-ever implementation of MBBRs, for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment done by Prof. Hallvard Ødegaard in Norway and reported KMT moving bed biofilm reactor (KMT MBBR) (European Patent No. 0.575,314; U.S. Patent No. 5,458,779) [101,102]. Different types of biofilm carrier elements, examples including polyethylene (density is 0.95 g/cm3), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) [103], containing high specific surface area for biofilm development, easily flow in the presence of either aerobic or anaerobic conditions in the bioreactor, successfully used [100,104].
Removal of organics from shale gas fracturing flowback fluid using expanded granular sludge bed and moving bed biofilm reactor
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Yu Sun, Liang Huang, Changmiao Lai, Huiqiang Li, Ping Yang
Onsite biological treatment has been proved a cost-effective method to treat FPW for reducing the traffic cost of a large volume of wastewater [12,21]. The expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)-based anaerobic high-rate reactors have been found suitable for treating various kinds of wastewaters containing toxic or recalcitrant compounds [22–25]. EGSB system has high organic loading rates, high removal efficiency of organic compounds and better stability under substrate and salinity shocks [26]. However, the quality of effluent from the EGSB system reactor does not meet the discharge standards, which needs further treatments. Aerobic treatment could remove the majority of DOM, mainly targeting low molecule weight (LMW) organics from FPW [19,15]. Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a combination of traditional activated sludge process and biofilm process, with the ability to remove organic matters. Suspended carriers loading activated sludge are fluidized completely by aeration, increasing contacts between carriers and wastewater [27].
Treatment of high-strength saline bilge wastewater by four pilot-scale aerobic moving bed biofilm reactors and comparison of the microbial communities
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Aikaterini A. Mazioti, Ioannis Vyrides
The aerobic operation of an MBBR relies on the continuous resuspension of low density polymeric biocarriers, using aeration, in a bioreactor receiving wastewater under continuous flow mode [28]. The high specific surface area of the biocarriers enhances biofilm formation and development, at a relatively short start-up time period [27]. The high biomass concentration achieved in an MBBR is a key factor for successful wastewater treatment, rendering the microbial community more resistant towards adversary conditions such as high organic loading, salinity and toxicity [29]. In the past, the MBBR systems have been studied for the treatment of wastewater containing oil residues or presenting a high level of salinity. Lu et al. [30] used a 2 L MBBR filled with suspended ceramsite to treat real petroleum refinery wastewater. Hasanzadeh et al. [29] investigated the treatment of synthetic oily wastewater with lab-scale MBBR (1.5 L) at an HRT of 1–3 days using walnut shells as biocarriers. Similarly, Ribera-Pi et al. [31] operated a 5L MBBR at HRTs down to 4.5 h to treat real petroleum refinery wastewater. Finally, Mazioti et al. [17] compared two biocarrier types in lab-scale MBBRs for the treatment of real bilge wastewater. While these three recent studies [17,29,31] investigated at some degree the microbial communities develop in the MBBRs, there is a lack of more detailed information on the composition and evolution of the communities in such treatment systems and type of wastewater. Furthermore, there is a lack of similar studies referring to MBBRs operated at a pilot scale, with only few studies conducted under aerobic [32,33] and anaerobic conditions [34].