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Critical issues, condition assessment and monitoring of heavy movable structures: emphasis on movable bridges
Published in Dan M. Frangopol, Structures and Infrastructure Systems, 2019
F. Necati Catbas, Mustafa Gul, H. Burak Gokce, Ricardo Zaurin, Dan M. Frangopol, Kirk A. Grimmelsman
Heavy movable structures such as retractable stadium roofs, stands, pitches, navigation locks, dams, flap gates, flood control equipment, movable bridges and others go beyond conventional civil engineering structures with respect to the complexity of their designs and operation. Heavy movable structures have large machinery for which most operational speeds are low and critical forces are significant. Mechanical and electrical components are integrated with the structural elements creating a very unique type of structure often referred as ‘kinetic architecture’, which provides the flexibility to increase the usage of these structures with different configurations. The focus of this paper is on movable bridges. These are one of the most common types of movable transportation structures. The main advantage of this type of structure is that the bridge can be constructed with little vertical clearance, avoiding the expense of high piers and long approaches. Moving components of these bridges are operated by various types of machinery to open the passageway for the waterborne traffic.
Integrating performance indicators in the production rules of shape-shifting grammars for architectural adaptive façade systems
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2023
Rana El-Dabaa, Sherif Abdelmohsen
Kinetic architecture is known as the ability of buildings or parts of buildings to change location, geometry or movement. Two main approaches to understanding kinetic operability, as defined by Fox and Yeh (2000), are ‘ways’ and ‘means’ of kinetic systems. Ways of motion refer to four main motion types: folding, sliding, scaling, and material transforming size and form, while means refer to motion systems such as chemical, natural, mechanical and pneumatic (Fox & Yeh, 2000; Loonen et al., 2015). Another classification for kinetic motion by Moloney (2011) identifies ‘main’ and ‘complex’ types of transformations. Main types of transformation involve rotation, translation (sliding), scaling and distortion of material, while complex types require merging the main types of transformation as observed in transformations such as rolling and twisting (Moloney, 2011).