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Sources of Air Contaminants
Published in David W. Bearg, Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems, 2019
During construction or renovation, numerous materials are used that have the potential to be sources of air contaminants. The interior building components and furnishings can release chemicals from their manufacture. This includes both VOCs as well as inorganic chemical compounds. This situation will be most severe in association with renovation activities. First, there are the construction-related sources: the generation of dust and fibers from demolition. This can then be followed by the chemical compounds such as joint compound dust, adhesives, caulks, and paints. This is typically followed by the introduction of new materials, carpets and partitions, which will have their highest levels of emissions when brand new.
Gypsum board
Published in Gary Anglin, Introduction to Estimating, Plan Reading and Construction Techniques, 2019
The most common finish placed on gypsum boards to hide the joints is tape and joint compound. The levels of quality, strictly defined by the industry, are covered here. However, the many plaster operations, which are trowel or sprayed on, are not.
Nonstructural Seismic Loss Analysis of Traditional and Innovative Partition Systems Housed in Code-conforming RC Frame Buildings
Published in Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2022
Gennaro Magliulo, Danilo D’Angela, Pauline Lopez, Gaetano Manfredi
The partitions consist of a double system of two-layer plasterboard boards supported by steel frames (Fig. 1b,e). The steel frame is composed of base, top, and lateral runners (or tracks) and vertical studs. The runners consist of galvanized steel C-channels with 39.7–38.9 mm flanges and 75.2 mm web and 0.538 mm thickness (weight equal to 0.639 kg/m). The studs are made of galvanized steel C-channels with 50.2–47.4 mm flanges, 74.1 mm web and 0.554 mm thickness (weight equal to 0.802 kg/m). Both profiles are compliant with UNI EN 14195 (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione 2015b). The studs have spacing distance equal to 600 mm; the spacing related to the track-to-primary structure screws is equal to 500 mm for all tracks, whereas the distance between the extremity screw and the primary structure is equal to 50 mm. Insulation panels are typically housed between the studs. The inner (outer) board layers consist of standard (high performing) cardboard-coated gypsum boards having 12.5 mm thickness and tapered ends, with a weight equal to 7.91 (12.1) kg/m2. The standard (high performing) boards are compliant with UNI EN 520 (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione 2009), ITT type “A” (UNI EN 520, ITT type “D”, “E”, “F”, “H1”, “I”, “R” and UNI EN 1995-1-1 (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione 2014a). The high performing boards present a dense core enhanced by natural wood and glass fibers, which significantly improve their structural performance. The boards are mounted on the vertical studs with staggered joints and treated with joint compound. The board joints and the heads of the screws were treated using joint compound and reinforcement tape. The joint compound was obtained by plaster-based powder compound, compliant with harmonized standards UNI EN 13963 (Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione 2014b), whereas the tape consisted in reinforced micro-perforated paper tape suitable for plasterboard joint treatments. The spacing distance of the studs-to-board screws is equal to 300 (600) mm for the inner (outer) layer. Phosphated and drilling Ø 3.5 × 25 mm and Ø 3.5 × 35 mm screws were used to fasten the inner and the outer layer to the studs, respectively.