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Water Characteristics
Published in Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technology, 2019
The term quiescent as applied to the waters of lakes, ponds, and reservoirs is a relative one. That is, such bodies of water are relatively quiescent when compared with flowing streams, but wind and wave actions and temperature changes do effect movements in the water even if the inflow and outflow are small in comparison with the size of the body of water so that the effects may be practically negligible. Wind usually tends to push the upper layers of water in the direction to which it is blowing. The movement is greatest at the surface and diminishes downwardly until a plane is reached at which it is practically zero. Below this, the water may return in layers flowing in the opposite direction, slowly under this layer of nearly zero velocity, then increasing in speed in succeeding lower layers until a maximum is reached, after which it tapers off until it again reaches a layer of practically zero movement. Factors such as the shape of the shore line and the sheltering effect of islands may obviously create currents, so that much of the returning water is diverted to another course. Wind also creates waves which have a churning effect and tend to roll waters badly, especially where relatively shallow bodies of water are concerned. It is therefore common experience that many lake, pond, and reservoir waters which are usually clear may become very turbid during and for a period following high winds or storms.
Environmental Regulations and Pollution of the World
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance and Sustainability, 2019
From a geographic perspective, Oceania is divided into three region types that include (National Geographic Society 2018a): Continental Type – this type includes Australia and New Zealand High Islands – Also called volcanic islands, which includes Melanesia, Mount Yasur, and Vanuatu Low Islands – Also called coral islands and includes Micronesia and Polynesia
Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development Futures in Sri Lanka
Published in Asif Muhammad, Energy and Environmental Outlook for South Asia, 2020
Ajith de Alwis, Maksud Bekchanov
Legislative and administrative structure in Sri Lanka is based on a Constitution. The country comprises nine administrative provinces. Colombo in the Western province is the capital city with rapidly growing infrastructure and a vibrant economy. The recent addition of 269 ha of reclaimed land—the Port City—enhances the economic capacity of the capital further. The strategic location of the island at the main routes of global trade opens new ways of reaping benefits from the integration into the global economy.
Do maritime passengers’ subsidies in Europe affect prices?
Published in Maritime Policy & Management, 2018
Juan Luis Jiménez, Jorge Valido, Naykel Morán
Maritime transport is an important factor in the economic development of islands, jointly with air transport. The role of these transport modes in people mobility leads governments to implement policies to subsidize passengers in order to compensate travel cost. Usually, these subsidies consist in a percentage of discount in the price or a fixed quantity of discount in price. Moreover, passengers enjoy them because they have the residence in a given geographical area.1