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Introduction
Published in Ahlam I. Shalaby, Fluid Mechanics for Civil and Environmental Engineers, 2018
The characteristics/properties of a fluid system, along with the fluid kinematics and fluid dynamics, will determine the type of flow (see Chapter 3 for detailed discussion). First, a flow may be classified as internal flow (pipe or open channel) or external flow (flow around an object), depending upon the use of energy or work to move the fluid. Second, an internal flow may be classified as a pressure (pipe) flow or a gravity (open channel flow), depending upon whether a hydraulic gradient or gravity caused the flow. Third, a flow may be real (viscous) or ideal (inviscid), depending upon the value assumed for the fluid viscosity. A real flow may be subdivided into laminar or turbulent flow, depending upon the value of the Reynolds number, R = ρvL/μ. Furthermore, real fluids may be divided into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Fourth, a flow may be compressible (pressure flow) or incompressible (pressure flow or gravity flow), depending upon the spatial and/or temporal variation in the fluid density. Fifth, a flow may be spatially varied (nonuniform) or spatially uniform, depending upon the spatial variation in fluid velocity (convective acceleration). Sixth, a flow may be unsteady or steady, depending upon the temporal variation in the fluid velocity (local acceleration). And, seventh, a flow may be one-, two-, or three-dimensional, depending upon the assumption of spatial dimensionality.
Dynamics analysis of deep-sea mining pipeline system considering both internal and external flow
Published in Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 2021
Yu Dai, Xuyang Li, Wanwu Yin, Zhonghua Huang, Ya Xie
There are three types of forces introduced by internal flow including centrifugal force, Coriolis force and friction force. The internal cross-section area of the rigid pipe and flexible hose are both constant, so the centrifugal force acting on nodes as inner flow through nodes can be calculated by: where is internal fluid density; is internal flow speed; are unit vectors in the direction of inflow and outflow respectively.