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Is closure-in-place a suitable remedy for unlined landfills in sinkholes?
Published in Barry F. Beck, Felicity M. Pearson, Karst Geohazards, 2018
The strata of the Mitchell Plain dip in general to the west from their outcrop on the flank of the Cincinnati Arch to the Illinois Basin. The dip in southern Indiana is west-southwest at the rate of approximately 0.57 percent (30 feet per mile). Contours of marker beds identified in coreholes around the site suggest that the local orientation of the dip is to the southwest. The uppermost limestone unit is St. Louis Limestone of the Blue River group. It is estimated to be approximately 22 to 37 meters thick near the landfill and up to 122 meters thick elsewhere in southern Indiana. It is thinly bedded, with shale and dolostone. The thin, brittle St. Louis limestone is characterized by abundant vertical and horizontal joints, fractures, and solution features. Salem limestone of the Sanders group lies beneath the St. Louis limestone and the interface between the two units is difficult to identify. The lower part of the Salem limestone, the famous Indiana building stone, outcrops less than one mile from the landfill. The Harrodsburg limestone underlies the Salem limestone, followed by the shales and siltstones of the Borden formation.
2 storage
Published in Xia-Ting Feng, Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017
Demonstration projects are commonly regarded as the next step after successful completion of pilot projects on the path towards full scale storage sites. Typically, about one million tons of CO2 are injected at a rate of a few hundred thousand tons per year. In the Illinois Basin (USA), as of late summer 2014, about 900,000 tons of CO2 have been injected at 2,000 m depth into the Mt. Simon Sandstone within the DECATUR project (Gollakota & McDonald, 2012; Streibel et al., 2014). The Secarb Cranfield project (Mississippi, USA) was initially designed as a demonstration scale project. After injecting more than 3 million tons of CO2 into the more than 3 km deep Tuscaloosa Formation, the project has already reached commercial scale (Hovorka, 2013).
2 storage
Published in Xia-Ting Feng, Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2017
Demonstration projects are commonly regarded as the next step after successful completion of pilot projects on the path towards full scale storage sites. Typically, about one million tons of CO2 are injected at a rate of a few hundred thousand tons per year. In the Illinois Basin (USA), as of late summer 2014, about 900,000 tons of CO2 have been injected at 2,000 m depth into the Mt. Simon Sandstone within the DECATUR project (Gollakota & McDonald, 2012; Streibel et al., 2014). The Secarb Cranfield project (Mississippi, USA) was initially designed as a demonstration scale project. After injecting more than 3 million tons of CO2 into the more than 3 km deep Tuscaloosa Formation, the project has already reached commercial scale (Hovorka, 2013).
Gas-generation potential of shales in small and medium-sized basins: a case study from the Xuanhua Basin, north China
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020
J. L. Liu, J. C. Zhang, Z. Li, M. H. Chang, S. Wang, L. Chen, H. C. Yu
Exploration and development of shale gas have focussed on large basins, such as the New Albany Shale in the Illinois Basin (26.5 × 104 km2), the Ohio Shale in the Appalachian Basin (28 × 104 km2) and the Longmaxi Shale in the Sichuan Basin (26 × 104 km2) (Curtis, 2002; Jarvie, Hill, Ruble, & Pollastro, 2007; Zhang et al., 2009; Zou et al., 2016). Small and medium-sized basins, which are defined as basins with areas <10 000 km2 (Lu, 2003), also contain large shale-gas discoveries, for example Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin (3.81 × 104 km2) and the Lewis Shale in the San Juan Basin (5.18 × 104 km2) (Bowker, 2007; Curtis, 2002). Compared with large basins, the number of smaller basins is large with a total area comparable with that of large basins, making them realistic targets for shale-gas exploration (Li, Yuan, Lin, & Ma, 2001).
Assessment of shale gas potential of the lower Permian transitional Shanxi-Taiyuan shales in the southern North China Basin
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2021
P. Li, J. C. Zhang, X. Tang, Z. P. Huo, Z. Li, K. Y. Luo, Z. M. Li
TOC content, the primary factor of shale-gas enrichment, has a good proportional linear relationship to gas content, regardless of adsorbed gas content or free gas content (Curtis, 2002; Nie & Zhang, 2012). Similar relationships were also observed in the Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Jiaoshiba Shale Gas Field, Barnett shale in the Fordworth Basin and New Albany shale in the Illinois Basin (Jarvie et al., 2007; Ni & Jin, 2016; Strąpoć et al.,2010). The Shanxi-Taiyuan shales in the study area also show a similar trend, i.e. the gas content including TGC and SAC has a significant positive linear correlation with TOC (Figure 16), owing to the OM pore and SSA providing adsorbent for adsorbed gas and pore space for free gas (Figure 17).
Geochemical characteristics of coal measure source rocks of Upper Carboniferous Benxi Formation in Daning-Jixian area, eastern margin of Ordos Basin
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Jungang Lu, Liping Zhao, Yong Li, Xiaogang Li, Qingbo He, Zhiwei Ma
Shale gas has achieved significant exploration results in Michigan Basin, Appalachia Basin, Illinois Basin, Fort Worth Basin and San Juan Basin in the United States, and commercial exploitation has been realized, which has successfully stimulated the global shale gas exploration boom (Liu et al. 2013). In 2021, global shale gas production is 798.6 billion cubic meters, among which 757.2 billion cubic meters are produced in the United States. From Precambrian to Neogene, three types of organic-rich shales were developed in the continental region of China after a long period of tectonic-sedimentary evolution, including marine, marine-continental transitional and marine shales, which have the basic geological conditions for shale gas formation (Zou et al. 2010; Dong et al. 2016). Marine and continental shale gas has achieved scale and efficient development, formed industrial capacity, and promoted the rapid development of shale gas in China, (Chen et al. 2020), However, the current development of marine-continental transitional shale gas is still in the early evaluation stage. (Dai et al. 2020). According to the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2015, the technical recoverable resources of shale gas in China are 21.8 × 1012m3, including 5.1 × 1012m3 of marine-continental transitional facies (Zhao et al. 2019, Liu 2021). Previous studies have provided useful insights into unconventional shale gas resources, but the geological and geochemical characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale have not been systematically studied (Fan et al. 2020; Zhao et al. 2021). In recent years, the exploration and development practices in PetroChina, Sinopec, Yanchang Petroleum and Coalbed Methane Company have confirmed that the potential of coal measure shale gas in Ordos Basin cannot be ignored, and it is expected to make a breakthrough, which is a strategic preparation area for shale gas in China (Kuang et al. 2020), the Upper Paleozoic has always been an important exploration target. Today, Sulige Gas Field, Daniudi Gas Field, Yulin Gas Field, Wushenqi Gas Field and Shenmu Gas Field have been discovered, with proven reserves reaching 100 × 109m3 (Shao et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2022). The resource quantity of marine-continental transitional shale gas in Upper Paleozoic in China can reach 8.97 × 1012m3, among which the resource quantity of shale gas in Ordos Basin and its surrounding areas can reach 2.7 × 1012m3, showing good resource potential and wide exploration foreground Wen et al. 2018; Dong et al. 2021).