China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biological Approaches for Advanced Fuels Development from Biological/Plant Residues or Wastes
Published in Prakash K. Sarangi, Latika Bhatia, Biotechnology for Waste Biomass Utilization, 2023
Nowadays, geothermal energy which is harnessed from hot springs is used for humankind’s needs. In this energy source, the Earth’s core area is considered hot as the sun’s surface due to the slow decay of radioactive particles or elements in the rocks at the center of the Earth’s planet. In this energy source, drilling a deep well brings the boiling underground water to the Earth’s surface as hydrothermal energy or resources. Then it is pumped via a turbine device for the generation of electric power (Pearre and Swan, 2020). Geothermal energy plants have shown low emission for pumping the steam water due to the reservoir system’s back. This source of energy can increase the risks of earthquakes in that area due to geological hot spots. Geothermal system installation is expensive at the initial stage, but it has shown fewer maintenance issues and longer life than air (Alirahmi et al., 2019).
Topology Optimisation Techniques
Published in Richard Leach, Simone Carmignato, Precision Metal Additive Manufacturing, 2020
Rajit Ranjan, Can Ayas, Matthijs Langelaar, Fred van Keulen
A novel TO method to prevent AM-associated overheating is presented by Ranjan et al. (2017b), which constrains AM related overheating within the density-based TO framework. The rationale behind the approach is that local topology determines whether a given region is prone to overheating or not. Therefore, a local conductivity test is performed. As a first step, the geometry is decomposed into a number of overlapping slabs. Here, the term slab refers to a set of subsequent AM layers. Each slab is subjected to thermal boundary conditions similar to that of a layer in a typical AM process, and the temperature field is obtained by performing a steady-state thermal FEA. A steady-state analysis is preferred as it is found to be capable of identifying ‘hotspots’ while providing significant computational advantages, making it possible to integrate it with TO. The final temperature field is obtained for the entire geometry by selecting a maximum value for each FEA node and regions with relatively high temperature values are identified as hotspots. Figure 2.13 presents a schema of the process in which a wedge-shaped geometry with a hole is divided into overlapping slabs. The assembled temperature field shows that the region just above the circular hole particularly tends to accumulate heat and, thus, is identified as a hotspot.
Magmatism in the Context of the Present-Day Tectonic Settings
Published in O.A. Bogatikov, R.F. Fursenko, G.V. Lazareva, E.A. Miloradovskaya, A. Ya, R.E. Sorkina, Magmatism and Geodynamics Terrestrial Magmatism Throughout the Earth’s History, 2020
O.A. Bogatikov, V.I. Kovalenko, E.V. Sharkov, V.V. Yarmolyuk
From the evidence of seismic tomography, hot-spots do not actually form tubular bodies piercing the entire mantle. Instead they bend to provide routes for the passage of mantle material along extensional and fracture zones within the lithosphere, above large segments of hot mantle (Anderson et al., 1992). Many hot-spots occur at depths below 200–300 km and are underlain by cold mantle. The St. Helens, Tristan da Cunha, Iceland, Bouvet and Yellowstone hot-spots are examples of this type. Deeper hot-spots about 400 km deep include the Azores, Ascension Island, the Galapagos, Marquesas, Crozet and Carolines. Most of these hot-spots are located close to triple junctions, fault zones or rifts. Hot-spots beneath the Atlantic or Indian Ocean are related to mid-oceanic ridges, and with an allowance being made for ridge migration, this regular feature seems to be quite important. Hot-spots unrelated to mid-oceanic ridges (Hawaii, Reunion, Canaries, Cape Verde, Kerguelen and Tasmania) have the deepest roots above extensive high-temperature regions of the upper mantle.
Quantitative prediction and evaluation of geothermal resource areas in the southwest section of the Mid-Spine Belt of Beautiful China
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2022
Zhe Chen, Ruichun Chang, Wenbo Zhao, Sijia Li, Huadong Guo, Keyan Xiao, Lin Wu, Dong Hou, Lu Zou
The influencing factors are closely related to the spatial distribution of the observed hotspots: the hotspots are distributed more in the areas with high LST, high fault density, proximity to water systems and faults, high combined entropy, frequent earthquakes, low aeromagnetic anomaly and high Bouguer gravity anomaly. The input layer of the model fully considers all kinds of natural and geological factors that affect the occurrence of geothermal high-temperature anomalies and avoids the one-sidedness of the single factor.