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Published in Rob Whitehead, Structures by Design, 2019
By the end of the 19th century, these structural benefits became the basis of a new structural typology: the “high-rise” building frames in Chicago and New York (Chapter 6.1). These innovations were motivated by larger economic and cultural factors, in this case, the need to consolidate many people in smaller areas by building taller. It’s an over-simplification to think of these high-rise framed buildings as only individually designed elements that collect horizontal loads and transfer vertical loads to the load-grounding columns. High-rise structures developed more complicated framing solutions to better resist sideways (lateral) wind loads without using heavy and bulky walls. One of their innovative strategies was to create stability through “rigid frames,” or connecting load collectors and load grounders together with rigid moment connections so both elements acted as load stabilizers. Taller buildings used moment connections instead of walls to create lighter buildings that could resist additional wind forces.
Study of shear lag effect in a hybrid structural system for high-rise buildings
Published in Alka Mahajan, B.A. Modi, Parul Patel, Technology Drivers: Engine for Growth, 2018
Deep Modi, Paresh V. Patel, Digesh Joshi
With rapid urbanization and increasing scarcity of land, efficient structural systems are necessary for constructing high-rise buildings. For any high-rise building lateral loads such as wind and earthquake are governing, in addition to gravitational load. The higher the building, the more important is its lateral load-resisting system (Ali & Moon, 2007). The various lateral load-resisting systems are classified as interior or exterior structural systems. Outrigger and belt truss, Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW), and so on, are interior structural systems where lateral load resistance is provided by structural elements placed near the center of the building. Framed tube, diagrid, and so on, are exterior structural systems where lateral load is resisted via structural elements placed on the periphery of the building. A combination of interior and exterior structural systems, generally known as hybrid structural systems, have also evolved for high-rise buildings.
Site communications
Published in Allan Ashworth, Srinath Perera, Contractual Procedures in the Construction Industry, 2018
Allan Ashworth, Srinath Perera
The work can be carried out efficiently if the site is laid out in such a way that the temporary buildings – offices, stores and workshops – are conveniently located with respect to the permanent works. This results in an orderly arrangement that facilitates the economy of construction and administration. The construction of a high-rise building on a confined city centre site, for example, requires the efficient storage of materials, off-peak deliveries, high-speed vertical travel and site facilities placed to minimise operative travel.
Application and Innovation of High-Strength Concrete in High-Rise Building Structures
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2022
Cong-zhen Xiao, Jian-hui Li, Yin-bin Li, Yue Wei, Chao Sun
At present, the development and application of building materials that meet the requirements of sustainable development has become the main direction of the development of high-rise building structures. Compared with conventional strength concrete, high-strength concrete has the advantages of saving materials, effectively reducing the section size of structural members, increasing the usable space of buildings, improving use functions, increasing the service life of the structure and shortening the construction period. In addition, the popularization and application of high-strength concrete has a good fit with the assembled construction policy promoted by the government of China.1,2 Therefore, the promotion of high-strength concrete in high-rise buildings has important engineering applications and academic value.
Geotechnical properties of Rasht clay and silt in Northern Iran
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019
Hossein Akbarzadeh Kasani, Abolfazl Eslami
The city is situated on a vast plain of sedimentary soils; including clays, silts, sands and gravels with a shallow groundwater table. Groundwater table is situated at variable depths in different locations in the city. Geochemistry of local shallow soils and groundwater was investigated by Hamidzadeh and Akbarzadeh Kasani (2006); Akbarzadeh Kasani and Hamidzadeh (2017). Clays and silts are predominantly found throughout the city; containing different consistencies (Akbarzadeh and Eslami 2002; Akbarzadeh Kasani 2001). Nonetheless, the governing factor in geotechnical designs in the city is consolidation settlement, not bearing capacity. These conditions pose a great uncertainty in geotechnical designs in the city. In compliance to the local regulations, geotechnical investigations are required prior to design of only import structures (high-rise buildings, government buildings, bridges, etc.), not residential buildings that are usually less than four or five stories. It is a locally acceptable practice to use a lower bound value for a geotechnical design for residential buildings. This is perhaps a safe design approach albeit not a cost-effective method.
Precast Concrete Coupled Shear Wall System of Modular High-rises Without In Situ Cores
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2023
In densely populated metropolises where developable land is limited, high-rise modular buildings are particularly advantageous. However, the number of these buildings in metropolises is limited,9 which is partly attributed to the lack of knowledge on the lateral force resistance of high-rise buildings built using modular methods. Compared with low-to-medium-rise buildings, high-rises have more complex seismic responses because of the contributions of higher modes10; moreover, these structures are confronted with the problem of greater wind loads.11 Accordingly, it is important to understand the lateral force resistance mechanism of high-rise modular buildings.