China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Isotopic characterization of waters across chile
Published in Diego A. Rivera, Alex Godoy-Faundez, Mario Lillo-Saavedra, Andean Hydrology, 2018
R. Sánchez-Murillo, E. Aguirre-Dueñas, M. Gallardo-Amestica, P. Moya-Vega, C. Birkel, G. Esquivel-Hernández, J. Boll
The influence of atmospheric trajectory and source meteorological conditions on the subsequent stable isotope composition of precipitation was analyzed using the HYSPLIT Lagrangian model (Stein et al., 2015) developed by the Air Resources Laboratory of NOAA (USA). The HYSPLIT model uses a three-dimensional Lagrangian air mass vertical velocity algorithm to determine the position of the air mass and reports these values at an hourly time-resolution over the trajectory (Soderberg et al., 2013). Representative 10-day air mass back trajectories were calculated for the three wettest months in 2015 at each monitoring station due to the nature of the monthly sampling. To compute a trajectory, the HYSPLIT model requires a starting time, location and altitude as well as NOAA meteorological data files (e.g., GDAS, global data assimilation system, 0.5° resolution: 2006-present; Su et al., 2015).
The effects of moisture sources and local parameters on the 18O and 2H contents of precipitation in the west of Iran and the east of Iraq
Published in Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 2020
Hossein Mohammadzadeh, Javad Eskandari Mayvan, Mojtaba Heydarizad
The moisture sources of precipitation in the study region were determined using the backward trajectories of the HYSPLIT model (NOAA, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c). Temperature, wind speed, pressure, and solar radiation are the main inputs of the HYSPLIT model (Stein et al., 2015). In this study, the web-based version of the HYSPLIT model (READY) which is free of charge was used. In this study, the backward trajectories of the HYSPLIT model have been developed from December 2011 to March 2012 and from March 2015 to December 2015 in three different elevations of 500, 1500, and 2500 masl. According to previous studies (Karimi and Farajzadeh, 2011; Heydarizad, 2018), most of Iran’s precipitation moisture enters the country at these elevations. The backward trajectories developed by the HYSPLIT model were run for 240 hours/10 days which is the average residence time of moisture in the atmosphere (Numaguti, 1999). The regions where humidity decreased were considered as moisture sinks, while the zones where humidity increased at each elevation were considered as moisture source regions.
Dust particles in free troposphere over Chinese desert region revealed from balloon borne measurements under calm weather conditions
Published in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 2019
Ammara HABIB, Bin CHEN, Guangyu SHI, Yasunobu IWASAKA, Debashis NATH, Bushra KHALID, Saichun TAN, Tariq MAHMOOD, Reguang JIAO, Didier NTWALI
The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) is a simple and useful tool for studying the sources of aerosols and transport pathways of air masses (Stein et al. 2015) . The meteorological input for HYSPLIT is from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research, based on global reanalysis meteorological data (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/gbl_reanalysis.php). The total air mass back trajectories corresponding to the balloon-borne measurement dates for 72 h were computed for the observational site at different altitudes of 1000 m, 1500 m, and 3000 m above ground level.
Variations in local, transported, and exposure risks of PM2.5 pollution: Insights from long-term monitoring data in mega coastal city
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2022
Pavanaditya Badida, Jayapriya Jayaprakash
In addition to the contribution of local pollutant sources, regional and trans-boundary transport of polluted air masses also influence the air quality in these urban areas (Squizzato and Masiol 2015). Long-range transport has been previously reported over Taiwan (Chen TF et al. 2014; Griffith et al. 2020), New York (Pitiranggon et al. 2021), Italy (Perrone et al. 2013), and India (Gadi et al. 2019; Sen et al. 2017; Mukherjee and Agrawal 2018). Transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols was observed in USA (Heald et al. 2006). As a recent phenomenon, the transport of Thar desert dust to Mumbai and Pune, India was observed (Indian Express 2022). Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) is the most commonly used model that helps identify the back trajectory of the air masses (Guo et al. 2019; Stein et al. 2015; Uria-Tellaetxe and Carslaw 2014). Guo et al., (2019) utilized HYSPLIT to identify the air masses coming from various regions to Delhi during high pollution episodes. M. Yadav et al. (2019) utilized HYSPLIT to identify PM2.5 and PM10 air masses in Jodhpur, India. External contributions to pollution in a large industrial zone in Venice, Italy, were investigated by Benetello et al. (2017), and the major trajectories came from the Mediterranean Sea and the NE region of Italy. Mukherjee and Agrawal (2018) investigated the external sources contributing to particulate matter in Varanasi, India, and concluded that the major emissions came from the neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana, and even the neighboring countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pollutants that have a longer residence time in the atmosphere require control measures at the regional scale (He et al. 2016) as very little can be done to reduce pollution at the receptor site alone.