China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sustainable Soil Conservation and Management: Principles, Issues, and Strategies
Published in Vinod Kumar Tripathi, Megh R. Goyal, Field Practices for Wastewater Use in Agriculture, 2021
Nitrogen and phosphorus both are very vital for the plant growth in reasonable amounts. However, more N can be detrimental to environment in the following ways: Nitrate is hazardous to infants and young animals too as it hamper the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.Nitrates are responsible for stimulating the growth of algae and aquatic plants similar to agricultural plants.Nitrates further the growth of pathogenic microbes (e.g., water in the Mexico Gulf or the Chesapeake Bay).Soil nitrate gets leached to groundwater and contaminates it.Surplus N as runoff, and nitrous oxide (N2O) loss, which is a potent greenhouse gas. Loss of Nitrogen content is an economic drag on farmers if not managed well.
Eutrophication Assessment in Greek Coastal Waters
Published in J. Rose, Water and the Environment, 2017
The various waters of the Saronikos Gulf (Figure 2) separate into four water masses. The Inner Gulf, the Western Gulf, the Elefsis Bay and the Outer Gulf. In the Inner Gulf, the effect of sewage effluent (Keratsini outfall with a rate of 7m3s−1) from the greater Athens is evident as a plume of nutrient-rich water, extending about 20 km south of Salamis island.13 The Western Gulf presents the greater depths, with a great depression more than 400 m deep in Epidavros, providing the possibility of trapping nutrients. The Elefsis Bay, which is the most industrialized area in Greece, is located in the north part of the Saronikos Gulf and has a maximum depth of 33 m.
Water Quality Modeling and Mapping using Landsat Data
Published in Caiyun Zhang, Multi-sensor System Applications in the Everglades Ecosystem, 2020
The capability of Landsat for water quality modeling is tested in Florida Bay, which is a marine lagoon at the southern end of Florida with an average depth of less than 1 meter. It is bounded on the east and south by the Florida Keys and on the west by the Gulf of Mexico. Its northern boundary represents the primary interface between the bay and the upgradient ecosystems of the Everglades. Fresh water from the southern Everglades enters the bay and mixes with the saltwater from the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in a salinity gradient pattern in the bay. The variation of salinity is highly dependent on local rainfall and evaporation. Cells of hypersaline water are common during the dry season.
Climate change and extreme weather: A review focusing on the continental United States
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2021
Some evidence suggests the expectation that climate change will result in increased delivery of rain by tropical cyclones is already being borne out. The first and seventh wettest storms, of all types, in terms of volume of water delivered to a given area of land, in the period 1949–2018, over the contiguous United States were Hurricanes Harvey in 2017 and Florence in 2018 (Kunkel and Champion 2019). Both storms moved unusually slowly, which increased the total volume of water deposited over land. Harvey, in particular, nearly stalled for several days over Texas. While increased rain is expected with warmer ocean temperatures, and the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean have been significantly warmer in the most recent decade compared to the 20th century, the small number of such events makes it nearly impossible, for now, to attribute the observed clustering of high-rain storms in recent years unequivocally to climate change.
Toxicity evaluation and microbiota response of the lined sole Achirus lineatus (Chordata: Achiridae) exposed to the light petroleum water-accommodated fraction (WAF)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Mónica Améndola-Pimenta, Daniel Cerqueda-García, Jesús A. Zamora-Briseño, Danilú Couoh-Puga, Jorge Montero-Muñoz, Flor Árcega-Cabrera, Víctor Ceja-Moreno, Juan A. Pérez-Vega, José Q. García-Maldonado, Marcela del Río-García, Omar Zapata-Pérez, Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is continually exposed to oil pollution events as crude oil and gas production activities continue to expand in the area (Allan, Smith, and Anderson 2012; Crone and Tolstoy 2010). Crude oil is one of the most widespread pollutants released into the marine environment producing acute and chronic effects on marine biota including fish such as micronucleus (MNs) induction, histopathological alterations, and physiological stress (Ali et al. 2014; Bonucci Moreira et al. 2014; Klinger et al. 2015). Although oil spills are not the most important source of petroleum in the aquatic environment (Kvenvolden and Cooper 2003), these accidents adversely affect humans (Laffon, Pásaro, and Valdiglesias 2016; Lawrence et al. 2020) and marine ecosystems. In 2010, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster in the GoM released millions of barrels of oil into the offshore waters (Allan, Smith, and Anderson 2012; McNutt et al. 2012) producing ecological, molecular, genomic, and developmental alterations in several native species (Ackleh et al. 2012; Brewton, Fulford, and Griffitt 2013; Dubansky et al. 2013; Whitehead et al. 2011).
Ecological response of phytoplankton to the oil spills in the oceans
Published in Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 2019
Danling Tang, Jing Sun, Li Zhou, Sufen Wang, Ramesh P. Singh, Gang Pan
Cleaning up the affected ocean area is the first phase of the recovery in ocean conditions after an oil spill, and the recovery varies upon the ocean conditions. The BP Deepwater Horizon oil spills near the south-eastern Louisiana coast occurred on 20 April, 2010 was one of the worst oil spills in the global oil-spill history. About 200 million gallons of crude oil spilled in the Gulf of Mexico affected ocean ecology for a long time. Using ground and satellite data, photosynthetic activities and physiological status of the coastal salt marshes associated with oil spills were studied and marked decrease in photosynthetic activities (Mishra et al. 2012) were found. On 6 Jan 2018, the oil tanker ‘SANCHI’ collided with the Hong Kong bulk carrier CF Crystal” in the East China Sea. The ‘SANCHI’ was loaded with one million-barrel (about 136 thousand ton) gas condense that was a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids of which the main component was a mixture of C5 to C11. The SANCHI’s sinking resulted in a big leaking and burning of gas, with many oil spills areas observed from found satellite images.