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Concrete superstructure
Published in Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger, Construction Cost Estimating, 2021
Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger
Grout is a cementitious material applied under the base or between different elements to provide full bearing surfaces. It is applied under tilt-up panels and under the structural steel columns. The design drawings will indicate the approximate gap under the members of each application in which the grout is to be installed. Cement finishers install grout, and although amounts are small, the cost can be significant. Grout typically has high cement content and is specified as very high strength, such as 10,000 PSI.
Earth-retaining structures
Published in Manuel Matos Fernandes, Analysis and design of geotechnical structures, 2020
The drilling should disturb the natural ground conditions as little as possible, because the ground conditions will play a decisive role in the anchor performance. An even more important operation for that performance is grouting. The grout is a mixture of water and cement and, possibly, some admixture (a setting accelerator, for example).
Grouting
Published in A. M. Sowden, The Maintenance of Brick and Stone Masonry Structures, 2020
Cementitious grout materials consist of cements, usually blended with other fine powders as fillers and with admixtures to improve or modify the liquid and hardened properties, which are thoroughly mixed with water to form a pumpable aqueous suspension. They can be batched and mixed on site from the individual components when there is sufficient expertise and quality control, or alternatively they are available from a number of manufacturers (e.g. Pozament) as factory batched, mixed and prepacked standard mixes, or as special mixes formulated to meet particular requirements. Use of prepacked mixes may eliminate many of the uncertainties associated with site storage, handling and batching.
Large-scale triaxial experiments on the static and dynamic behavior of an artificially cemented gravel material
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2022
Zhongzhi Fu, Shengshui Chen, Huaqiang Han
Grouting is a method of soil stabilisation where a cementitious grout is injected into some soil layers, simultaneously improving their mechanical properties and impermeability performance (Dano et al., 2004; Gouvenot, 1998; Liu et al., 2015; Munfakh, 1997; Welsh, 1998; Xiao et al., 2018). Such a method of soil stabilisation is widely used in hydropower and water resources projects to enhance the strength and stiffness of gravelly alluvial layers upon which dams and/or other hydraulic structures are built (Fu et al., 2018; Ozcelik, 2014). Grouting is also a measure to mitigate the liquefaction potential of loose sandy layers beneath structures (Clough et al., 1989; Montoya et al., 2013; Porcino et al., 2012) or to enhance the resistance of gap-graded soils to internal erosion (Jiang & Soga, 2017).
A review of soil improvement with non-conventional grouts
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
The term ‘non-conventional’ grouts refers to binders other than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In detail, this literature review is about chemical and microfine (MF) cement grouts. Chemical grout is defined as the injection of solutions into voids, whereas cementitious grouts are suspension of particle in a fluid medium (US Army Corps of Engineers 1995). The primary goals of soil or rock grouting are to Increase resistance against deformation and settlement (Shroff and Shah 1993);Supply cohesion, shear, and uniaxial compressive strength (Stadler and Krenn 2013);Decrease the permeability of the ground (Semprich and Stadler 2004).
Analysis slope stability based on physical properties in Cepoko Village, Indonesia
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Agus Setyawan, Ana Alina, Dwiyanto Suprapto, Rahmat Gernowo, Jatmiko E. Suseno, H. Hadiyanto
The application of grouting for slope stability has increased due to ease of construction, economic rationality, and better geotechnical properties (Bhuiyan et al., 2019; Njock et al., 2018). Grouting is often applied in many geotechnical fields such as digging and embankment stabilization, increasing soil strength for building foundations, slope stability, support tunnels, water retention, etc. (Evangelista et al., 2015; Hashim & Islam, 2008). Grouting method through the simulation proposed in this article strengthens soil particles. The fundamental principle is reducing the volume of the soil pore structure through the injection of cement into the soil so that its permeability will decrease (Nikbakhtan & Osanloo, 2009; Sun et al., 2019). Grouting has been suggested and applied for soil reinforcement and rock stabilizing, slope stability, liquefaction mitigation, construction of excavation support systems or protection of structure close to excavation sites, solidification and stabilization of contaminated soils, remedial grout injection of building, etc. (Kazemian & Huat, 2009). Gamil et al. (2017) conclusively proved that grouting can be used as an effective way to improve the strength characteristics significantly. Grouting that was simulated by Najib et al. (2018) reduces the permeability and increases soil strength, therefore, strengthening the safety factor.