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Factors affecting landslides in forested terrain, Coastal British Columbia
Published in Jan Rybář, Josef Stemberk, Peter Wagner, Landslides, 2018
Slope instabilities affecting road cuts, have in general, less severe consequences than those affecting road fills. This is primarily due to slope excavation in fairly competent ground comprised of till and/or bedrock, and constriction of debris runout by the road surface. Cut slope failures may, however, fill the ditches and/or culvert intakes and redirect water flow over fill slopes or potentially unstable slopes below the road. Cut slopes may also remove the toe support of potentially unstable slopes above the roads. Forest road cuts in non-lithified materials are typically excavated at angles between about 1.5H:1V (horizontal to vertical) and 0.5H:1V, or steeper, and are subject to sloughing and ravelling. Unstable areas in road cuts are often associated with groundwater discharge, overland flow (shallow creeks, concentrated discharge from upslope roads) and very steep slopes.
Assessing and monitoring groundwater governance
Published in Karen G. Villholth, Elena López-Gunn, Kirstin I. Conti, Alberto Garrido, Jac van der Gun, Advances in Groundwater Governance, 2017
Akhmouch Aziza, Clavreul Delphine
The assessment of policy coherence within groundwater governance systems should also look into the complementarities between groundwater and surface water policies when these are devised separately. Human action, such as water abstraction, irrigation and artificial drainage, has intensified these interactions. The depletion of even a small portion of the total volume of groundwater (in some cases only a few percent) has a substantial effect on water resources. Where groundwater discharges to streams and lakes, even a small amount of groundwater depletion reduces stream flow and lowers lake water levels, reducing the amount of surface water available for use by humans or riparian and aquatic ecosystems. These external effects can in turn become limiting factors to the further development of groundwater resources and put stress on groundwater-dependent ecosystems such as wetlands. Thus, groundwater and surface water resources need to be managed conjunctively, not in isolation, where relevant.
Climate Change Impacts on and Adaptation to Groundwater
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Handbook of Drought and Water Scarcity, 2017
Shamsuddin Shahid, Mahiuddin Alamgir, Xiao-jun Wang, Saeid Eslamian
Groundwater discharge is influenced by climate, surface water, and land use or land management conditions. However, the impact of climate on groundwater discharge is comparatively less studied. Rainfall and temperature are the two important factors that influence streamflow and groundwater discharge [29]. Therefore, it can be anticipated that groundwater discharge will be affected significantly by climate change. Experience from previous studies suggested that like groundwater recharge, groundwater discharge will vary widely across the globe. Groundwater discharge depends on the head difference between groundwater and surface water. It has been projected that droughts are likely to be prolonged due to climate change in many parts of the world. Lower riverflow due to droughts may increase groundwater discharge in many parts of the world. This may be experienced more in semiarid regions in particular. On the other hand, groundwater level below the surface water levels may be experienced in regions where higher precipitation has been projected. Consequently, groundwater discharge will be reduced or may no longer occur in such regions.
The importance of groundwater to the upper Columbia River floodplain wetlands
Published in Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques, 2023
Casey R. Remmer, Rebecca Rooney, Suzanne Bayley, Catriona Leven
The dominant sources of water in mountain environments are from high precipitation, snowmelt and glaciers (Messerli, Viviroli, and Weingartner 2004; Cooper, Chimner, and Merritt 2012). Most research on mountain hydrology has been on snowpack and glaciers while groundwater was considered a less important source of water. The importance of groundwater as a source of water in mountain environments, contributing to stream flow and alluvial and lowland aquifers is increasingly being acknowledged (Somers and McKenzie 2020). Subsurface flow of groundwater from mountain environments to lowland aquifers is known to be very important, but difficult to quantify (Markovich et al. 2019). Groundwater discharge is highly variable spatially and seasonally and vulnerable to climate change but critically important to montane rivers and wetlands (Huntington and Niswonger 2012; Cooper, Chimner, and Merritt 2012).
Submarine canyons and slides in the central-west Otway Basin: their morphology, genesis, links to groundwater discharge and tsunamigenic potential
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
Continental groundwater discharge on the sea bed at specific points on the slope could affect pore pressure in sediments and therefore cause slope failure. This scenario has not been discussed before and will be examined in close detail here. Robb (1984) described such a phenomenon during periods of low sea-level offshore the New Jersey coast. He described that in this area, interstitial water could be recovered from below the continental shelf as far as 100 km from the coast.