China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The 3D-BIM-FEM modeling of the Mairie des Lilas Paris metro station line 11 – from design to execution
Published in Daniele Peila, Giulia Viggiani, Tarcisio Celestino, Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 2019
F. De Matteis, C. Orci, S. Bilosi, G. Benedetti
The concrete was used for the side walls and the invert, while gritstone was used for the roof arch. Gritstone is a coarse-grained, hard, siliceous sandstone. Its mechanical characterization is subject by uncertainties due to its heterogeneity and to the state of preservation of the mortar.
Flexible and composite pavement
Published in Malcolm Copson, Peter Kendrick, Steve Beresford, Roadwork, 2019
Malcolm Copson, Peter Kendrick, Steve Beresford
A pre-Cambrian gritstone is very suitable for road stone for the high friction dense material, and fines produced by crushing this same stone are better than most sands. It has been found that a smaller quantity of binder is needed than is the case with hot rolled asphalt.
The 3D-BIM-FEM modeling of the Mairie des Lilas Paris metro station line 11 – from design to execution
Published in Daniele Peila, Giulia Viggiani, Tarcisio Celestino, Tunnels and Underground Cities: Engineering and Innovation Meet Archaeology, Architecture and Art, 2020
F. De Matteis, C. Orci, S. Bilosi, G. Benedetti
The concrete was used for the side walls and the invert, while gritstone was used for the roof arch. Gritstone is a coarse-grained, hard, siliceous sandstone. Its mechanical characterization is subject by uncertainties due to its heterogeneity and to the state of preservation of the mortar.
Stratigraphy of the Agnew-Wiluna Greenstone Belt: review, synopsis and implications for the late Mesoarchean to Neoarchean geological evolution of the Yilgarn Craton
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022
Q. Masurel, N. Thébaud, J. Sapkota, M. C. De Paoli, M. Drummond, R. H. Smithies
Within the Murchison Supergroup of the Murchison Domain, clastic sedimentary rocks of the Ryansville Formation and komatiitic basalts and subordinate rhyolite from the Wattagee Formation form part of the ca 2730–2700 Ma Glen Group (Ivanic et al., 2010; Van Kranendonk et al., 2013). The basal conglomerate of the Ryansville Formation at Weld Range includes boulders and pebbles largely derived from an underlying BIF of the ca 2750–2735 Ma Wilgie Mia Formation of the underlying Polelle Group (Van Kranendonk et al., 2013). At Mt Magnet, conglomerate at the base of the Ryansville Formation contains boulders and pebbles of chert, BIF and mafic–ultramafic rocks derived from the underlying ca 2800–2750 Ma old greenstones of the Polelle Group. This basal conglomerate is overlain by gritstone, sandstone and shale, which occur interlayered with felsic volcanic rocks and tuffs dated at 2727 ± 6 Ma (Schiøtte & Campbell, 1996). The eruption of pyroxene spinifex-textured basalts of the Wattagee Formation is also interpreted to be coeval with emplacement of the thick mafic–ultramafic layered gabbroic sills of the Yalgowra Suite between ca 2730 and 2710 Ma within the upper Glen Group stratigraphy (e.g. 2735 ± 5 Ma Fleece Pool Gabbro; 2719 ± 6 Ma Dalgaranga Dolerite; 2711 ± 2 Ma Waladah Gabbro; Ivanic et al., 2010). Indeed, a thin felsic volcanic flow interlayered with komatiitic basalt of the Wattagee Formation was dated at 2725 ± 4 Ma (Van Kranendonk et al., 2013), which overlaps with crystallisation ages of the Fleece Pool Gabbro and Dalgaranga Dolerite.
Pertinence of alternative fine aggregates for concrete and mortar: a brief review on river sand substitutions
Published in Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022
Branavan Arulmoly, Chaminda Konthesingha
Pilegis et al (Pilegis, Gardner, and Lark 2016) carried out an appreciable work on the investigation of fully replacing river sand with M Sand produced from basalt, granite, limestone, and gritstone rocks. The authors also changed the micro fines content in fine aggregates and two types of mixes were prepared such as slump controlled mix and water to cement ratio controlled mix. River sand achieved the highest compressive strength at lower water to cement ratio of 0.48 while the lowest compressive strength was observed with basalt rock sand at 0.67 water to cement ratio. However, better compressive strength at 0.55 water to cement ratio was noticed with limestone crushed sand. When comparing the water to cement ratio controlled mixes, all the crushed sand types showed better compressive strengths than natural sand mix.
Experimental study on the influence of lithology and rock-coal height ratio on mechanical properties and impact effect of combined body
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Guangbo Chen, Eryu Wang, Wencai Wang, Tan Li, Guohua Zhang
The coal and rock used in the experiment are taken from the crossheading of the 1103 working face of the Junde Coal Mine in Heilongjiang Province. The working level is −870 m. The coal seam is a flat seam with an average thickness of 3.5 m. The roof and the floor contain different thicknesses of fine sandstone and gritstone. Because the coal seam of Junde Coal Mine is flat, the inclination angle of the coal–rock interface is set to 0° during the experiment; in order to maintain the actual original superposition state of the project, the coal-rock components are in direct contact with each other without using a binder, Because the amount, nature, and adhesion of the binder can have a significant impact on the properties of combined body. In order to ensure the integrity of the specimen and improve the accuracy of the test results, the component contact surfaces are sanded well by abrasive paper, and the stacking is tight to avoid stress concentration. At the same time, the combined specimen is wrapped with a plastic film, and the lateral binding force of the plastic film to the combined body is negligible. The size of combined body is the standard size: φ = 50 mm; d = 100 mm, as shown in Figure 2.