China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Equipment performance and costing road construction
Published in Thompson Roger J., Peroni Rodrigo, Visser Alex T., Mining Haul Roads, 2019
Thompson Roger J., Peroni Rodrigo, Visser Alex T.
A motor grader, also commonly referred to as a grader, is a construction machine with a long blade used to level and create a flat surface during the grading process. Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in between. Capacities range from a blade width of 2.5 to 7.3 m and engines from 93 to 373 kW.
Comparison of the epidemiology and injury profile among injured patients involved in special purpose vehicle-related incidents in South Korea
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Hyun-Seok Chai, Sang-Chul Kim, So-Yeon Kong, Gwan-Jin Park, Ji-Han Lee, Hoon Kim, Seok-Woo Lee, Hae-Ju Lee, Kyoung-Moo Choi
Occupational injuries are one of the major public health problems globally and a leading cause of mortality and mortality with about 5–7% of all fatalities in industrial countries are attributed to work-related injuries.1 Mobile machineries or special purpose vehicles (SPVs), which are manufactured to improve production efficiency mainly in agriculture (tractor), industry and construction (forklift, crane, bulldozer, excavator, grader, etc.) can cause severe work-related injuries.2,3 SPVs are also known as heavy equipment, heavy machine, heavy-duty vehicle, heavy truck or construction equipment. Machines were the fourth leading cause of occupational fatalities in the U.S., accounting for 7.8% of all work-related deaths from 2011 to 2017 and annual machine-related death of 368.4 In Korea, excavator, dump truck, high place operation car, crane, and forklift are major causes of SPV-related injuries at workplace. The economic cost of the fatalities from work-related injuries was nearly 18.9 billion USD per year, and 971 cases of fatal occupational injuries by SPVs were reported in 2018, increasing from the 964 cases in 2017.4,5 As an effort to reduce work-related injuries and deaths, Korean Occupational Safety and Health Acts were promulgated on 15 January 2019.
Structural equation modelling of lower back pain due to whole-body vibration exposure in the construction industry
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Vitharanage Hashini Paramitha Vitharana, Thanwadee Chinda
Palmer et al. [14] showed that the construction industry is the largest industry contributing to WBV exposure. Construction workers are usually exposed to WBV through the use of heavy equipment. The exposure level of WBV is very high among those heavy equipment operators, including soil roller, excavator, motor grader, skid-steer loader and dozer operators [15]. Waters et al. [16] mentioned that heavy equipment operators are at higher risk of developing LBP in comparison with those who are not working with heavy equipment. Boshuizen et al. [17] stated that 68% of workers in the construction industry suffer from LBP regularly, and the prevalence of LBP is 25% higher among the workers who are exposed to WBV. Ueno et al. [18] mentioned that LBP is the primary cause of occupational sick leave for 4 days or more in the construction industry in Japan. Guo et al. [19] agreed that LBP is a major cause of morbidity and lost production for US construction workers.
Assessing occupational erionite and respirable crystalline silica exposure among outdoor workers in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2018
Catherine Beaucham, Bradley King, Karl Feldmann, Martin Harper, Alan Dozier
We collected 4 PBZ RCS samples during our October 2012 evaluation in Wyoming. No cristobalite or tridymite (less common forms of crystalline silica) were present in the air samples. One employee, operating the backhoe during ditch clearing, was exposed to a respirable quartz concentration of 0.11 mg/m3, which was above OSHA PEL, the NIOSH REL, and the ACGIH TLV. The quartz content of this air sample was 50%. Another employee who operated the backhoe during culvert replacement had a respirable quartz exposure of 0.04 mg/m3, which exceeded the ACGIH TLV. The quartz content of this sample was 37%. Although the backhoe had an enclosed cab, the operator kept the cab door open for most of the time. The assistant to the backhoe operator during culvert replacement and the road grader/blader operator had exposures below the minimum quantifiable concentration (0.04 mg/m3). The road grader/blader had an enclosed cab, and the operator kept the cab door closed most of the time. Sample times ranged from 286–322 min and did not include the 1.5-hr drive to and from the worksite. We cannot assume zero exposure during that time-period because the employees were exposed to dust from driving on dirt roads which may have a high silica content. This suggests that employees' respirable crystalline silica exposures could be higher at times. During the August 2013 evaluation in Wyoming, we mistakenly sampled the thoracic fraction of dust instead of the respirable fraction and therefore do not include those results.