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Introduction to Requirements Engineering
Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Mohamad H. Kassab, Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems, 2022
Phillip A. Laplante, Mohamad H. Kassab
There are many ways to portray the discipline of requirements engineering depending on the viewpoint of the definer. For example, a bridge is a complex system but has a relatively small number of patterns of design that can be used (e.g., suspension, trussed, cable-stayed). Bridges also have specific conventions and applicable regulations in terms of load requirements, materials that are used, and the construction techniques employed. So, when speaking with a customer (e.g., the state department of transportation) about the requirements for a bridge, much of its functionality can be captured succinctly: The bridge shall replace the existing span across the Brandywine River at Creek Road in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, and shall be a cantilever bridge of steel construction. It shall support two lanes of traffic in each direction and handle a minimum capacity of 100 vehicles per hour in each direction.
The influence of in-stream bridge structures on free surface turbulence
Published in Wim Uijttewaal, Mário J. Franca, Daniel Valero, Victor Chavarrias, Clàudia Ylla Arbós, Ralph Schielen, Alessandra Crosato, River Flow 2020, 2020
E.D. Johnson, W.D. Miller, J. Bowles, G. Smith
The Genessee River flows northward through New York state and the city of Rochester before emptying into Lake Ontario (Figure 1a). On August 14-16th, 2014, high temporal and spatial resolution image data was collected on both the upstream and downstream side of the Ford Street Bridge which spans the river as seen in Figure 1b. The Ford Street Bridge is supported by two concrete pylons that interrupt the flow in the river. Each pylon is ~3 m wide and spans the deck of the bridge (~23 m long).
Introduction to Requirements Engineering
Published in Phillip A. Laplante, Requirements Engineering for Software and Systems, 2017
The bridge shall replace the existing span across the Brandywine River at Creek Road in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, and shall be a cantilever bridge of steel construction. It shall support two lanes of traffic in each direction and handle a minimum capacity of 100 vehicles per hour in each direction.
Characteristics, predicted erosion, and costs for different levels of forestry best management practices at skidder and truck stream crossings in the Mountains, Piedmont, and Coastal Plains of Virginia, USA
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2019
Chandler L. Dangle, W. Michael Aust, M.Chad Bolding, Scott M. Barrett, Erik B. Schilling, Matt Poirot
Culverts and fords were primarily found on permanent truck roads because they can be more easily used for larger streams and watersheds and they have greater load-bearing capacity. Portable panels or pole bridges were found most often for skid trails (Table 10). Regardless of road type, data indicated one significant difference in erosion among stream-crossing structures, which was between portable bridges and culvert crossings (p = 0.0353). Portable bridges are generally less disruptive to stream channels and SMZs, as reported by Aust et al. (2011) and Morris et al. (2016).