China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Ecosystems: Diversity
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity, 2020
Ecological diversity refers to the species richness in a biological community—it is the diversity of a site at the level of the ecosystem. Together with genetic and species diversity, it forms the third level of biodiversity. In general, the diversity and functional complexity of an ecosystem are governed by the population and diversity of the species that are present, the interactions between these species and their interactions with the environment, and the complexity of the physical environment.[9]
Overview of water quality modeling
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Water is one of the key elements of the environment that determines the survival of life and restricts the socio-economic growth of the people (Stolarska & Skrzypski, 2012). Overseas and inland surface and sub-surface water systems play an incredible role in everyday life activities mainly for drinking, agricultural, industrial, recreational, and other public uses. Our everyday lives depend on the availability and quality of water. Accessibility of suitable water quality for different purposes (EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 2003; FAO, 1975; FAO, 1979a and Jonnalagadda et al., 1991) is becoming difficult due to rapid population growth and expansion of agro-industries. Some industrial, agricultural, and human activities have a serious effect on ecological diversity. In addition, surface water quality depends on natural phenomena; the quality of water in lakes and dams is suffering from incessant degradation due to natural processes resulting from eutrophication and anthropogenic causes (Stolarska & Skrzypski, 2012).
Phytoplankton communities in aquaculture system (integration of shrimp and seaweed)
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2019
Clarissa Vilela Figueiredo da Silva Campos, Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes, Renata da Silva Farias, William Severi, Luis Otavio Brito, Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
The ecological diversity indexes: species richness (S), Shannon diversity (H’), Pielou evenness (J’), Margalef richness (d), Simpson dominance (D) and effective number of species – Hill numbers (N1) were evaluated according to the methodology described by Legendre and Legendre [37] and Magurran [38].
Place value: place quality and its impact on health, social, economic and environmental outcomes
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2019
A remarkable consistency in what the evidence revealed helped to overcome its relative paucity, with many of the findings strongly reinforcing those associated with the other policy arenas. Collectively the research pointed to multiple potential environmental benefits from how places are shaped, including:Reduced energy use and associated carbon (greenhouse gas) emissions: through the creation of urban forms that need less heating and cooling and require less private (vehicle) travel.Adaptive reuse: buildings, spaces and urban infrastructure that is adaptable over time and more able to support the changing needs of society within the existing built fabric (and its embodied energy).A viable local exchange network: with local facilities, amenities and employment opportunities reducing the need to travel further afield and supporting local economic and social resilience.Reduced heat stress and enhanced thermal comfort: particularly for pedestrians through greater greening and shading in urban areas.Reduced waste: through a lower demand for construction materials and a reduction in construction waste.Reduced pollution: including atmospheric pollution and noise pollution (with knock-on health and well-being benefits).Greater resilience: through accommodating and managing hydrological cycles and working with (rather than against) natural phenomena.Ecological diversity: through supporting a greater diversity of species and a greener built environment.