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The Frame and the Shear Wall
Published in Bjørn N. Sandaker, Arne P. Eggen, Mark R. Cruvellier, The Structural Basis of Architecture, 2019
Bjørn N. Sandaker, Arne P. Eggen, Mark R. Cruvellier
Another subgroup of the braced frame, diagrids have proven to be an efficient structural form that is quite attractive to architects. (e.g., Ill. 10.27, 10.28.) The name diagrid is, of course, an abbreviation of “diagonal grids,” which points to its use of many diagonal structural elements that are arranged in triangular or lozenge-shaped patterns (see Fig. 10.6f) and that together share the load-carrying and stabilizing functions of the X-bracing elements that we have just discussed. Diagrids are often (but not always) made out of steel so as to minimize the dimensions and visual obstruction of the bracing elements; on the other hand, the sharply angled geometry at which the many diagonal members meet will typically call for careful attention to be paid to connection detailing and the construction process. On the other hand, a diagrid has the advantage of being able to simultaneously provide resistance both to gravity loads and lateral loads; because of this, the system can be used to advantage in tall buildings where material savings can become substantial in comparison to a conventional rigid or braced frame system. (e.g., Ill. 10.29.) Deliberately irregular diagrids can also be made to work, such as for the Tod’s Omotesando Building (Ill. 10.30), although the members of such a structure will inevitably be heavier than they otherwise might be.
Structural Systems for Tall Buildings
Published in Kyoung Sun Moon, Cantilever Architecture, 2018
With their superior structural efficiency as a varied version of the conventional braced tube system, diagrid structures have widely been used for tall buildings recently. Early designs of tall buildings recognized the effectiveness of diagonal bracing members in resisting lateral loads. Most of the structural systems deployed for early tall buildings were steel frames with diagonal bracings of various configurations such as X, K, chevron, etc. While the structural importance of diagonals was well recognized, however, their aesthetic potential was not appreciated since they were considered to obstruct viewing the outdoors. Thus, diagonals were generally embedded within the building cores which were usually located in the interior of the building.
State-of-the-art review on benefits of applying value engineering for multi-story buildings
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2022
Optimizing the designs, construction methods, and materials used for multi-story buildings has been the focus of many studies in recent years. For example, several researchers have examined the structural performance of diagrid systems, which are employed for tall buildings with complex shapes, such as twisted, tilted, and free-form towers. Moon (2011) studied a variety of tall buildings designed with diagrid systems and evaluated their structural efficiency (Moon 2011). In 2012, Katkhoda and Knaa explored how to optimize structural systems for high-rise residential buildings that employed reinforced concrete (RC). Their study focused on the design of three RC models with 10, 15, and 20 stories, respectively (Katkhoda and Knaa 2012). Baldock (2007) contributed to reducing the significant gap between state-of-the-art structural design optimization in research and its practical application in the building industry. Thapa et al. (2013) researched the construction of high-rise buildings using different design techniques and materials.
Mutual effect of geometric modifications and diagrid structure on structural optimization of tall buildings
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2018
Seyedehaida Mirniazmandan, Matin Alaghmandan, Farzad Barazande, Ehsan Rahimianzarif
With the rapid growth of urban population and limitation of available land, the tendency to high rise buildings is increasing. The main concern in design of tall buildings is its structure. The structure has to perform as a very tall cantilever beam with its base fixed in the ground, it has to carry the vertical gravity loads and the lateral wind and earthquake loads (Ali and Moon 2007). The development and growth of tall buildings around the world within the past decades caused a lot of studies on various types of lateral load resisting structural systems. Among different structural systems developed for today's tall buildings, a type of exterior structure, diagrid – Diagonal Grid – structural system is widely used because of its structural efficiency and architectural potential.
Parametric design of diagrid tall buildings regarding structural efficiency
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Amirreza Ardekani, I. Dabbaghchian, M. Alaghmandan, M. Golabchi, S. M. Hosseini, S. R. Mirghaderi
Diagrid structures providing unique features of form-finding and rigidity are among the most efficient structural systems applied for tall buildings. They are an evolution of braced tube systems in which vertical members have been eliminated and diagonal members are carrying vertical and lateral loads (Mele et al. 2014). Besides their architectural and aesthetical aspects, one of their features which makes them compatible for the models of this research, is that diagrids provide structural support to buildings that are non-rectilinear, adapting well to highly angular buildings and curved forms (Khan and Shinde 2015). The term ‘diagrid’ is a combination of the words ‘diagonal’ and ‘grid’ and defines a structural system obtaining its integrity and rigidity through triangulation in the configuration of elements. The pure form of the diagrid system can resist all the gravity and lateral loads with no requirement of using the traditional structural core (Boake 2014). Emerging from the tubular braced systems, this structure boosts the aesthetics and creates high structural efficiency at the same time. The lateral stiffness of diagrid structures is desirable not only for static loads but also for dynamic loads (Moon, Connor, and Fernandez 2007). The combination of gravity and lateral load-bearing system provides the potentially increased efficiency of this system (Khan and Shinde 2015). Practical studies on adopting diagrid structures reveal unique features of this structural system in designing super tall buildings by providing material efficiency and form optimization (Baker et al. 2008). As shown in Figures 5 and 6, recently several high-profile tall buildings in the world have adopted this structural system to satisfy architectural needs as well as structural efficiency.