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Expansive soils
Published in Burt G. Look, Earthworks, 2023
The economics of using this available local material provides a significant cost saving during construction where cut and fill is required. The cost of earthwork construction is low when the material is used in balanced cuts and fills. Conversely, the cost may be high when the material is imported. The use of readily available material is therefore preferred even when the material involved is subject to in-service volume changes. The real costs of using reactive clays in em-bankments are the maintenance costs over the design life of the structure. Pavement cracking and distortion usually occur after construction, resulting in increased maintenance costs.
Environmental Impact Assessment for a Solid Waste Disposal Landfill
Published in Musaida Mercy Manyuchi, Charles Mbohwa, Edison Muzenda, Nita Sukdeo, Environmental Impact Assessments and Mitigation, 2020
Musaida Mercy Manyuchi, Charles Mbohwa, Edison Muzenda, Nita Sukdeo
The existing access road will be used for access during construction (and future maintenance) of the disposal site, thereby minimizing the disturbance to soil. Geology and soils may be impacted upon by construction activities, in particular where cut and fill is required (although these instances are not expected to be very frequent). All attempts should be made to preserve topsoil from areas that will be disturbed during construction for use later on in the rehabilitation process. Anti-erosion measures in the design of the access roads should be taken into account. Since the development of the site prior to settlement will be undertaken responsibly and in accordance with best practices and an EMP, the impact on the soils on the site will be within reasonable limits and can be mitigated and rehabilitated after decommissioning of the facility.
Properties of swelling soils in West Java
Published in H. Rahardjo, D.G. Toll, E.C. Leong, Unsaturated Soils for Asia, 2020
The economic development in Jakarta has resulted in the growing need for infrastructures, such as industrial areas and housings in West Java. For example, industrial areas are found in Karawang, Cikampek and Subang. Many industrial areas have been developed on former rice fields or uncultivated lands. Cut and fill are commonly done in preparing the land for future industrial buildings. In general, most of the cut and fill works utilise local materials to save cost. The materials are usually cohesive soils cut from surrounding high level areas or certain quarries, and the materials are then used to fill the lower areas (Wibawa 1995).
A multi-road quasi network flow model for the vertical alignment optimization of a road network
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2023
Khandoker Md Ayman, Warren Hare, Yves Lucet
The ground profile is the initial vertical alignment of the ground before construction, and the road profile is the optimal vertical alignment computed. The difference between the road and ground profiles at a section is called the offset. To obtain the road profile, the cut and fill volumes of material for each offset are calculated. Denote the offset by , and let and be the respective total cut and fill volumes of the ith road's jth section for and . For Intersection , is the offset, and and are the total cut and fill volumes.
Analysis of tensile mechanical characteristics of fibre reinforced backfill through splitting tensile and three-point bending tests
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2022
Gaili Xue, Erol Yilmaz, Guorui Feng, Shuai Cao
According to the classification conducted in the early stage, the ore rock stability of metalliferous mines is IV or V. The thickness of the ore body is approximately 20 m with a dip angle of 40°. The experiment stope is positioned in the central part of the mine’s 7th section. The orebody is featured by a shallow buried depth (below 200 m) and broken rock. Upward drift with backfilling was attempted, but the collapse was serious and the mining effect was poor even when pipe shed support was adopted. Hence, mining was conducted by the cut-and-fill mining system. The durability of the artificial CTB roof is directly related to the success of the subsequent mining by this system. According to the preliminary investigation and mining technical conditions of orebody, the trial stope in the 7th middle section is situated alongside the direction of orebody, the section of the access stope is 3 m ×3 m, and the average length is 20 m. In consideration of the problems of a long period for the maintenance of artificial CTB roof and layer transfer stope, the layout of this trial stope is demonstrated in Figure 5.
Optimal urban sewer layout design using Steiner tree problems
Published in Engineering Optimization, 2019
Machine Hsie, Ming-Yen Wu, Chun Yen Huang
The major activities involved in the sewer network construction stage of the project are cut-and-fill earthworks, ground retaining work and sewer pipe installation. The sewer pipe construction cost includes the sewer pipe cost and the ground cutting cost for the trench. On the basis of the Public Construction Cost Estimate System in Taiwan, the estimated sewer pipe material costs (including the PVC pipes and concrete pipe diameters: 200, 250, 300, 450, 500 and 600 mm) were approximately NT$591–2100/m in 2017. The average cost was NT$1232/m. The pipe installation outlay was estimated to be approximately 30% of the pipe material cost. The total cost of the pipe installation was approximately NT$1602 for a pipe length of 1 m. The trench cutting work cost consisted of the earth retaining cost, earth excavation cost, graded aggregate filling cost and disused soil disposal cost. The estimated total cost was approximately NT$553/m3. By comparing the sewer pipe cost and trench earth cutting cost, it was revealed that the sewer pipe cost for a 1-mm-long pipe was equal to the cost of 2.895 m3 of ground cutting work for the formation of a trench. In other words, the relative cost of a sewer pipe is 2.895 m3/m, which is a proportion of the cutting volume. To simplify the analysis procedure in this study, the sewer pipe cost is assumed to be constant per unit length on the sewer plan area.