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Inorganic Polymers
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
Unlike soils, fly ash is more uniform in particle size, so its addition to soil gives the mixture some interesting properties. Fly ash is used in the production of flowable fill or controlled low-strength material. It is used as a self-leveling, self-compacting backfill.
Characterization of ferrochrome slag as a controlled low-strength structural fill material
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020
Mahasakti Mahamaya, Sarat Kumar Das
The rapid increase in industrialization causes accumulation of the enormous amount of industrial waste and by-products, which affects the ecosystem in terms of water, air and soil pollution. On the other hand, a vast amount of natural resources are being used in the development of infrastructure. Hence, for sustainable development presently, industries are striving hard for appropriate management and utilization of its waste materials and by-products in an economical manner particularly in construction as a substitute for natural resources. The controlled low-strength material (CLSM), which is similar to self-compacting concrete but with low strength and used as a substitute for compacting soil (ACI 1999). The CLSM is being used in a wide range of civil engineering applications like structural fill, void fill, conduit bedding and sides of the embankment, etc. (Folliard et al. 2008; Siddique 2009).
Coal mine overburden soft shale as a controlled low strength material
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2020
Sarat Kumar Das, Mahasakti Mahamaya, Krishna R. Reddy
Development of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) using industrial wastes is an effective way of obtaining a flowable and self-compacting material to be used as a compacted fill in infrastructure development and construction. The CLSM is similar to self-compacting concrete, but with a small amount of cement and low strength and is considered as a sustainable material. It is being used in a wide range of civil engineering applications such as structural fill, conduit bedding, sides of the embankment [4] and soil cement block [5]. Bassani et al. [6] conducted a test on the resilient characterisation of alternative CLSM formulations for application in the pavement as a substitute of granular fill materials in which fly ash is absent.