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Global Sustainability Trends and Implications
Published in J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction, 2018
J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture
In Australia, the construction industry produces 38% of the total hazardous waste. Construction waste includes concrete, tiles, brick, soil, mortar, plaster, insulation, carpets, and paper. Demolition waste includes wood, plastic, steel, metal, wire, concrete, cardboard, brick, insulation, asphalt, tar, paving stones, gravel, ballast (small crushed stones), soil, rock, and buried materials (Office of International Affairs–Environmental Protection Agency 2012). The following list indicates the percentages of each type of construction and building waste in the United States (Environmental Protection Agency 2012c, p. 1): Concrete and mixed rubble: 40%–50%Wood: 20%–30%Drywall: 5%–15%Asphalt roofing: 1%–10%Metals: 1%–5%Bricks: 1%–5%Plastics: 1%–5%
Construction Management and a State of Zero Waste
Published in Steffen Lehmann, Robert Crocker, Designing for Zero Waste, 2013
Nicholas Chileshe, Jian Zuo, Stephen Pullen, George Zillante
Shen et al (2004, p473) define construction waste as, ‘building debris, rubble, earth, concrete, steel, timber, and mixed site clearance materials, arising from various construction activities including land excavation or formation, civil and building construction, site clearance, demolition activities, roadwork, and building renovation’. Within the context of the construction-project life cycle, construction waste is defined as the amount that does not add value to the process and would normally end up in landfill. Other C&D waste is generated during the occupancy and operation of buildings, and in the last phase of a project’s life cycle, namely demolition. In general terms, the interpretation of waste during the construction and facility management is that of wasted efforts and duplication (of work). Other definitions are provided by Fapohunda (2009), who states that waste resources are non-valued added resources that could either be physical or latent. Simply put, ‘wastes’ are construction resources that add no value to the overall outcome of an operation and arise through inefficient use of resources such as materials, manpower and machinery.
Gaseous Pollutant Removal Using Solid Wastes Adsorbents
Published in Tushar Kanti Sen, Air, Gas, and Water Pollution Control Using Industrial and Agricultural Solid Wastes Adsorbents, 2017
Sumathi Sethupathi, Lau Lee Chung, Muhammad Younas, Abdul Rahman Mohamed, Mohammed J. K. Bashir
There are several types of construction wastes, which can be mainly classified into organic and inorganic materials. Construction waste materials include woody and plant materials, carpet, cardboard, concrete gravel, aggregate, asphaltic roofing, gypsum board, clay minerals, and asbestos. Most of these materials are benign, but some of the materials such as asbestos and asphalt roofing cause risks to human health and the environment. Turning these waste materials to valuable adsorbents for gas separation will have both environmental and economic benefits (Arabyarmohammadi et al., 2014; Kousaiti et al., 2011; Ottaviani and Venturi, 1996). To date, various kinds of construction waste materials have been reused. The prominent ones are Portland cement mixture, clay minerals, asbestos, and other organic materials (Ottaviani and Venturi, 1996; Ramakrishnan and Orlov, 2014). Most of these construction wastes are used for the adsorption of impurities in the liquid phase. Kousaiti et al. (2011) treated used waste asbestos under hydrothermal conditions applying different acids in various temperatures in order to produce an adsorbent material that is used to remove petroleum pollutants. Ottaviani and Venturi (1996) used asbestos fibers for the adsorption of organic molecules from solutions onto asbestos fibers. Arabyarmohammadi et al. (2014) investigated the removal of zinc (II) using clay-based demolition wastes as adsorbents for the treatment of aqueous solutions. These studies revealed that the adsorbent preparation techniques from construction waste helped in morphological degradation, which leads to and increase in the BET surface area and tuning porosity. Thus, it is believed that the morphology of these materials may be tuned for the separation of gases.
An experimental study on uplift behaviour of granular anchor pile in stabilized expansive soil
Published in International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2021
Abhishek Sharma, Ravi Kumar Sharma
Due to the development in construction sector and to provide good appearance to the existing structures, lots of old constructions are dismantled nowadays. These dismantled structures produce a lot of construction demolition waste (CDW) which is often dumped in empty land or is transported to disposal sites. Due to scarcity of land, the disposal of construction waste is a major issue and it also imparts financial problems when transported to disposal sites. Being a free waste material, if it could be used in soil stabilization, it may solve the problem of its disposal thus protecting the environment. Some past researches carried out on stabilization of poor soils using CDW revealed an increase in strength and California-bearing ratio (Ransinchung, Kumar, and Sharma 2012; Sharma and Hymavathi 2016). Based on the above literature, CDW was used for stabilization of expansive soil.
Design for construction waste minimization: guidelines and practice
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2020
Vikrom Laovisutthichai, Weisheng Lu, Zhikang Bao
Construction waste is the surplus or abandoned materials arising from construction, renovation and demolition activities (Kofoworola & Gheewala, 2009; Lu, Chi, Bao, & Zetkulic, 2019). Its composition can be understood according to the taxonomy applied in different territorial contexts. For example, the UK, Australia and Hong Kong categorize construction waste as either inert or non-inert, depending on its chemical properties. Inert materials include soil, earth, slurry, rocks and broken concrete; while non-inert waste contains organic materials such as timber, bamboo, vegetation and packaging debris (HKEPD, 2015; Wu, Yu, & Poon, 2019). Construction waste accounts for about a quarter of the solid waste that is landfilled in major economies (Bao & Lu, 2020; Lu, Webster, Peng, Chen, & Zhang, 2017b). On a global scale, an estimated 10 billion tons of construction waste is generated annually (Wang, Wu, Tam, & Zuo, 2019). How to deal with it is a problem that has long plagued policymakers, practitioners, and environmentalists.
Stability analysis of large-scale waste mounds with respect to consolidation effect
Published in European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2018
Shu Lin, Shuwang Yan, Zhaolin Jia, Liqiang Sun, Jia Li, Jingjing Zhang
Construction waste consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable material generated from construction or demolition activities such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood and plastics, etc. (Rajaram, Siddiqui, Agrawal, & Khan, 2016). These wastes are heavy, often bulky, stored and heaped up in form of a large-scale mound on the storage yard. If the location of the mound were carefully designed and planed, the artificial mound and surrounding sceneries could also contribute to the images of cities and well-being of citizens.